B. PAU-PAN, 8240 (TK 2), f. 57

Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioannes DantiscusIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋ Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊serenissimi Polonie regisSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ etc. secretarius, praestantissimo domino Jacob Spiegel (*1483 – †1547), doctor of both canon and civil laws, since 1513 professor of law at the Vienna University; 1504 imperial secretary; before 1511 secret secretary of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg; 1520 - of Charles V; 1522 secretary in the chancellery of Ferdinand I (resigned after the downfall of chancellor Gabriel Salamanca); 1536 Count Palatine (ADB, Bd. 35, p. 156-158)⌊Iacobo SpiegelJacob Spiegel (*1483 – †1547), doctor of both canon and civil laws, since 1513 professor of law at the Vienna University; 1504 imperial secretary; before 1511 secret secretary of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg; 1520 - of Charles V; 1522 secretary in the chancellery of Ferdinand I (resigned after the downfall of chancellor Gabriel Salamanca); 1536 Count Palatine (ADB, Bd. 35, p. 156-158)⌋ iurium doctori et sacratissimae Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊caesareae maiestatisMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ secretario.

Salutem.

Accepi litteras tuas, humanissime Iacobe, ex Linz (Lincium), city in northeastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊LincioLinz (Lincium), city in northeastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ datas cum his quas Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊maiestas caesareaMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ pro me Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊serenissimo dominoSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ meo scribit. Quanta me voluptate affecerint, vix dici potest. Proinde cum nuper a The Muscovites (Moscovians, Mosci) ⌊MoscisThe Muscovites (Moscovians, Mosci) ⌋ magnificus dominus Sigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌊Sigismundus de ErbersteinSigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌋, eques auratus, consiliarius et orator Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊caesareae maiestatisMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ feliciter rediisset dignam nactus pro mea in eum observantia occasionem, cf. Ad Herbersteinium soteria 1518, end of January, CIDTC IDP 29⌊Soteriacf. Ad Herbersteinium soteria 1518, end of January, CIDTC IDP 29⌋, quae praecipitanter (ut testis tuus mihi erit Rudolf Agricola Jr (Rudolphus Agricola Wasserburgensis, Hydropurgius Rhaetus, Rudolf Baumann) (*1490 – †1521), humanist, neolatin poet; studied in Leipzig and Cracow (baccalaureate 1511); 1511-1514 and 1517-1521 stayed in Cracow as a lecturer and editor; 1514 stayed in Buda and Esztergom, 1514-1517 in Vienna, where was in touch with Joachim von Watt, Caspar Ursinus Velius, Riccardo Bartolino and other humanists; he was granted with a title poeta laureatus by the emperor Maximilian I (PSB 1, p. 32)⌊AgricolaRudolf Agricola Jr (Rudolphus Agricola Wasserburgensis, Hydropurgius Rhaetus, Rudolf Baumann) (*1490 – †1521), humanist, neolatin poet; studied in Leipzig and Cracow (baccalaureate 1511); 1511-1514 and 1517-1521 stayed in Cracow as a lecturer and editor; 1514 stayed in Buda and Esztergom, 1514-1517 in Vienna, where was in touch with Joachim von Watt, Caspar Ursinus Velius, Riccardo Bartolino and other humanists; he was granted with a title poeta laureatus by the emperor Maximilian I (PSB 1, p. 32)⌋) effudi potius quam edidi, tibi qui solebas meas esse aliquod putare nugas, dicare institui, indignum ratus, pro tuis in me beneficiis, ut absque etiam exiguo munusculo epistula B. PAU-PAN, 8240 (TK 2), f. 58 mea ad te proficisceretur. Tuum igitur erit, quo vultu cetera id genus scripta consuevisti, tumultuarios versus excipere et, ubi aliquando oportunitas dabitur, me Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊caesareae maiestatiMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋, quae pro sua singulari clementia patricia et equestri dignitate laureae praeterea et iurium fascibus me decoravit, ut supplicem atque auctoratum servulum commendare. Ego hic tui et eruditissimi domini Jakov Baničević (Iacobus de Bannissis) (*1466 – †1532), eminent humanist, latinist, and theologian; friend of Erasmus of Rotterdam, one of the main advisors to Emperor Maximilian I Habsburg on Western affairs; 1498 Korčula canon; ca. 1501 secretary to cardinal Rajmond Perraut; 1502 - to Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg; 1504 - to imperial legacy in Rome; 1512 Dean of the Trent Cathedral Chapter; 1514 - of the Antwerp Cathedral Chapter (CE, vol. 1, p. 90-91; KOHLER 2000, p. 130; GOLENISZCZEW 1970, p. 88-90)⌊Iacobi de BannissisJakov Baničević (Iacobus de Bannissis) (*1466 – †1532), eminent humanist, latinist, and theologian; friend of Erasmus of Rotterdam, one of the main advisors to Emperor Maximilian I Habsburg on Western affairs; 1498 Korčula canon; ca. 1501 secretary to cardinal Rajmond Perraut; 1502 - to Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg; 1504 - to imperial legacy in Rome; 1512 Dean of the Trent Cathedral Chapter; 1514 - of the Antwerp Cathedral Chapter (CE, vol. 1, p. 90-91; KOHLER 2000, p. 130; GOLENISZCZEW 1970, p. 88-90)⌋ rerum Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊serenissimi dominiSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ mei una tecum in aula Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊caesareae maiestatisMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ studiosissimi coram regia maiestate, coram omnibus Poland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌊Regni PoloniaePoland (Kingdom of Poland, Polonia)⌋ primoribus et praesertim reverendissimo domino Piotr Tomicki (*1464 – †1535), humanist, statesman, diplomat, one of the most trusted collaborators of King Sigismund I of Poland; 1500-1503 Chancellor of Cardinal Fryderyk Jagiellon, 1502 Gniezno Cantor, Archdeacon of Cracow, 1503-1505 servant of Jan Lubrański, Bishop of Poznań, 1504-1510 Canon of Poznań, 1506 royal scribe, 1507-1519 Grand(?) Secretary, 1509 Canon of Włocławek, 1510-1514 - of Gniezno, 1511 Custos in Kielce and Sandomierz, 1514 Bishop of Przemyśl; 1515 Crown Vice-Chancellor, 1520 Bishop of Poznań, 1523 - of Cracow; from 1524 (at least) General Collector of świętopietrze (Peter's pence), 1509 royal envoy to the Dukes of Pomerania and to Mecklenburg, 1510 - to Wallachia, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513 - to Hungary (WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 268)⌊Petro ThomicioPiotr Tomicki (*1464 – †1535), humanist, statesman, diplomat, one of the most trusted collaborators of King Sigismund I of Poland; 1500-1503 Chancellor of Cardinal Fryderyk Jagiellon, 1502 Gniezno Cantor, Archdeacon of Cracow, 1503-1505 servant of Jan Lubrański, Bishop of Poznań, 1504-1510 Canon of Poznań, 1506 royal scribe, 1507-1519 Grand(?) Secretary, 1509 Canon of Włocławek, 1510-1514 - of Gniezno, 1511 Custos in Kielce and Sandomierz, 1514 Bishop of Przemyśl; 1515 Crown Vice-Chancellor, 1520 Bishop of Poznań, 1523 - of Cracow; from 1524 (at least) General Collector of świętopietrze (Peter's pence), 1509 royal envoy to the Dukes of Pomerania and to Mecklenburg, 1510 - to Wallachia, 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513 - to Hungary (WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 268)⌋ Praemisliensi praesule vicecancellario honestissime memor esse soleo. Vale et boni consule.

Cracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌊CracoviaeCracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌋, IIII Februarii, anno Domini MDXVIII.

VSSG, Ms. 30, 31, f. 31r

Eruditissimo domino Joachim von Watt (Ioachimus Vadianus) (*1484 – †1551), Swiss humanist, poet and reformer, Dantiscus' friend. He studied at the faculty of arts (under Konrad Celtis) in Vienna, and later in Trent, Padua and Venice. In 1509 he obtained the degree of Master of Arts and in 1517 he was graduated as doctor of medicine. As a mayor of family town, he brought about St. Gallen's conversion to Protestantism. During his voyages he visited Leipzig, Wrocław (Ger. Breslau) and Cracow.; 1518 - town physician in St. Gallen; 1521 - member of the St. Gallen Town Council; 1526 - Mayor of St. Gallen. (ADB, Bd. 41, 239-244)⌊Ioachimo VadianoJoachim von Watt (Ioachimus Vadianus) (*1484 – †1551), Swiss humanist, poet and reformer, Dantiscus' friend. He studied at the faculty of arts (under Konrad Celtis) in Vienna, and later in Trent, Padua and Venice. In 1509 he obtained the degree of Master of Arts and in 1517 he was graduated as doctor of medicine. As a mayor of family town, he brought about St. Gallen's conversion to Protestantism. During his voyages he visited Leipzig, Wrocław (Ger. Breslau) and Cracow.; 1518 - town physician in St. Gallen; 1521 - member of the St. Gallen Town Council; 1526 - Mayor of St. Gallen. (ADB, Bd. 41, 239-244)⌋, poetae caesareo, artium atque medicinae doctori, amico tamquam fratri carissimo.

VSSG, Ms. 30, 31, f. 31v

Dantiscus Vadiano suo salutem.

Si in vivis es, scire vehementer cupio. Litterae meae Te viderunt saepius, Tuas vidi numquam. Si igitur cum manibus non agis, fac sciam cum primis, ubi gentium sis, ut aliquando vel ab aliis, quomodo vales, quid negotii tractes, intelligam. Amor in Te meus ab eo, quo coepit tempore, in dies crescit. Quem erga me geris animum, mihi ambiguum est, quia hactenus tacuisti. Effeta et si in vivis es, rescribe.

Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌈Dat(ae)Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌉ Cracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌊CracoviaeCracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌋, 20 Februarii 1518[1] .

[1] Arbenz: 1514!.

ONB, Cod. 13.597, f. 20v

Magnifico domino Sigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌊Sigismundo de ErberstainSigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌋, equiti aurato, consiliario atque oratori redeunti[1] Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊sacratissimae caesareae maiestatisMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋, domino et amico multum observando.

ONB, Cod. 13.597, f. 20r

Magnifice Domine, amice noster multum observande, commendationem plurimam.

Accepimus Magnificentiae Vestrae litteras[2] nobis apprime caras utpote a domino et amico nostro carissimo profectas, in quibus nobis eventus Suos cum grassatore Niklas Tschaplitz von Altendorf (Czaplitz), a Moravian nobleman⌊Zaple Niklas Tschaplitz von Altendorf (Czaplitz), a Moravian nobleman⌋[3] describit. Non parum nos turbavit haec novitas, sed demum summa nos affecit laetitia sospitem atque victorem Magnificentiam Vestram evasisse, hinc fortitudinem et magnanimitatem Magnificentiae Vestrae passim coram omnibus praedicantes. Ex his, ut Magnificentia Vestra putat, sinistris successibus minime in animo moveri debet, immo confidentius sperare omnia adversa superasse habereque Virgilianum illud tritum: cf. Verg. A. VI 95 ⌊Tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior itocf. Verg. A. VI 95 ⌋. Consuevit enim fortuna, dum aliquem extollere decrevit, ante ipsam bonorum metam, aculeis suis, ne in oblivionem incidat, ferire[4]. Sed haec, ne plus quam aulicorum est philosophari videamur, hactenus. Magnificus dominus Mikołaj Radziwiłł (*ca. 1470 – †1521), 1505 voivode of Trakai; 1510 Vilnius voivode and chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 a head the of polish legation in the Congress in Pressburg (PSB 30/2, p. 316-319)⌊palatinus VilnensisMikołaj Radziwiłł (*ca. 1470 – †1521), 1505 voivode of Trakai; 1510 Vilnius voivode and chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 a head the of polish legation in the Congress in Pressburg (PSB 30/2, p. 316-319)⌋[5] misit Magnitudini Vestrae, ut pollicitus est, pelles bisontinas, urinas et in quodam vase cornua et ungulas onagrorum[6], quos exules Germanice nuncupamus[7], in manus domini Lorenz Saurer (*ca. 1465 – †1523), son of town councillor and mayor of Salzburg Georg Saurer; in 1518 welcomed Bona Sforza to Vienna and attended her coronation in Cracow; 1503 castellan (Burggraf) of Vienna and head of the cellarers; 1510 imperial court counsellor; 1512 member of the Lower Austrian Government in Vienna (CEID 2/1, p. 87, footnote 9)⌊Laurentii SaurerLorenz Saurer (*ca. 1465 – †1523), son of town councillor and mayor of Salzburg Georg Saurer; in 1518 welcomed Bona Sforza to Vienna and attended her coronation in Cracow; 1503 castellan (Burggraf) of Vienna and head of the cellarers; 1510 imperial court counsellor; 1512 member of the Lower Austrian Government in Vienna (CEID 2/1, p. 87, footnote 9)⌋, vicedomini Viennensis[8]. Cui etiam scripsimus, ut si videret, quod huiusmodi pelles putrefierent, in aura siccandas extenderet. Omnes etiam, quos nobis Magnificentia Vestra descripsit, praeterea etiam alios notos Magnificentiae Vestrae salutavimus et, ut hic moris est, pro Magnificentiae Vestrae salute aliquot cyathos exhausimus longam et prosperam vitam, felices successus et secundius iter Magnificentiae Vestrae imprecantes. Cui nos ut dedissimos plurimum commendamus. Dantiscus rogat Magnificentia Vestra non velit negotiorum creditorum oblivisci et cum primis, si ei redeundum erit, de mente Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊maiestatis caesareaeMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ certiorem reddere[9].

Cracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌊CracoviaeCracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌋, 21 Ianuarii(!)[10] anno Domini MDXVIII.

Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioannes DantiscusIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋ etc.

Nikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌊Nicolaus NibschiczNikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌋[11]

[1] Sigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌊HerbersteinSigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌋ was returning to Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennaVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ from his first mission to Muscovy, cf. footnote 14!!! and Introduction, p. !!!.

[2] Unknown letter.

[3] Niklas Tschaplitz (Czaplitz) von Altendorf, a Moravian nobleman, attacked Herberstein and his retinue before Olomouc, as Herberstein mentioned in Selbstbiographie (Herberstein 1855, p. 131) and described in detail in Rerum Moscoviticarum commentarii: Lipnik, 1 miliari unde cum Vuistriciam 2 miliaribus recta contendentes, forte ex quodam colle Nicolaus Czaplitz, eius provinciae nobilis, sibi nos obvios conspexisset, mox pixide arrepta, ad conflictum se quodammodo cum duobus comitibus praeparabat. Qua re equidem non temeritatem hominis, sed ebrietatem potius animadverteram, ac continuo servitoribus mandaveram, ut ei nobis occurrenti media via cederent. Sed ille hoc humanitatis officio neglecto, in altam nivem se coniecerat, nosque praetereuntes torve intuebatur, servosque a tergo cum vehiculis sequentes, ad hoc ipsum genus officii, quod illi praestare haudquaquam poterant, cogebat strictoque gladio minabatur. Ea re exorto utrinque clamore factoque servorum, qui post erant, concursu, ipse mox telo balistae laesus, equus pariter vulneratus sub eo conciderat. Postea cum Moscis oratoribus iter institutum prosecutus, veni Olmutzium (Herberstein 1556, p. 144, cf. Herberstein 1557, § 629). We can guess that Herberstein described his adventure in a similar way in his unknown letter to Dantiscus and Nipszyc (see footnote 3).

[4] Consuevit enim fortuna — — ante ipsam bonorum metam, aculeis suis — — ferire cf. Petrarca, Africa, 5, 314-7): .

[5] Vilnius (Pol. Wilno), the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, hereditary stateof Sigismund I, which was in a union with the Kingdom of Poland. Vilnius lower castle was the main residence of Polish kings in their capacity as grand dukes of Lithuania. Mikołaj Radziwiłł (c. 1470-Oct./Nov. 1521), Vilnius voivode and chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1510). As an official participant in the Vienna congress of 1515, he must have met Herberstein there for the first time, and certainly won the special favor of Maximilian I. which is linked to the person of Vilnius voivode Mikołaj Radziwiłł, whom Herberstein probably met during the congress in Vienna in 1515. Radziwiłł is mentioned in the letter of dedication of Mikołaj Hussowski’s Carmen de statura, feritate ac venatione bisontis (Cracow 1523), in connection with providing a bison hide for Pope Leo X. Herberstein must have known Carmen, and taken the report on an unusually large bison from it (see Baczkowski, p. 226; Hussoviani carmina , p. 4-5, p. 10, lines 53-54 and ibidem footnote 2, cf. Herberstein 1556, p. 109; cf. Introduction, p. !!! and Plate 4).

[6] Sending Herberstein the bison and auroch hides and the elk antlers and hooves was most likely the consequence of his recent visit to the vivarium of the grand dukes of Lithuania in Troki. The reason was both Herberstein’s interest in zoology and the widespread use of animal material as medications. Mentioning in Rerum Moscoviticarum commentarii that the Polish king had given him the hide of an auroch, Herberstein explained how strips of auroch hide were used during childbirth: Sigismundus Augustus rex mihi apud se oratori donavit exenteratum unum (scil. urum) , quem venatores eiectum de armento semivivum confecerant: recisa tamen pelle, quae frontem tegit, quod non temere factum esse credidi, quanquam cur id fieri soleret, per incogitantiam quandam non sum percontatus. Hoc certum est, in pretio haberi cingulos ex uri corio factos et persuasum est vulgo, horum praecinctu partum promoveri. Atque hoc nomine regina Bona, Sigismundi Augusti mater, duos hoc genus cingulos mihi dono dedit: quorum alterum serenissima Domina mea Romanorum Regina, sibi a me donatum, clementi animo accepit (Herberstein 1556, p. 110). Olaus Magnus described how spasms were treated with strips of auroch hide: Corium urorum cum pilis balthei more scissum corporique spasmum patientis circumligatum, illico confert; unde et mos genti est, ubi bestiae hae capiuntur, hospitibus gratis dono offerre cingula (Magnus 1555, p. 633, cap. XXXVI: Adhuc de eisdem Uris et captura eorum). Elk hooves were considered a medicine mainly for epilepsy, but also for jaundice or headache (see Magnus 1555, p. 601: De Alcium medicinis dextri pedis et captura earum, por. Kromer, p. 35; Marchwiński, p. 158). Stanisław Hozjusz and Marcin Kromer often dispatched this medication to Italy (see Iulii Ruggieri relatio generalis (1568) [in:] ANP, VI, p. 149). Herberstein described the elk, highlighting the therapeutic properties of its hooves: Quae fera Lithuanis sua lingua Loss est, eam Germani Ellend, quidam Latine Alcen vocant: Poloni volunt onagrum, hoc est asinum agrestem esse, non respondente forma. Sectas enim ungulas habet: quanquam et quae solidas haberent, repertae sint, sed id perrarum est. — — Ungulae, tanquam amuletum, contra morbum caducum gestari solent (Herberstein 1556, p. 110, cf. Herberstein 2007, p. 355-356, cf. Kromer, loc. cit). See also Introduction, p. 41-43 and letter No.31, footnote 8.

[7] The elk was called Elend in German, which could also mean „miserable” (Lat. exul ). In the 16th century, though, the Slavonic form Elend was being ousted by the Germanic Elch, which appears for instance in Seweryn Boner’s letter to Herberstein from 1541 (Elchen Horner). See Harrauer 1982, p. 143.

[8] Lorenz Saurer (c. 1465-1523), son of the town councillor and mayor of Salzburg, Georg Saurer. He began his career in the court sewing room of Emperor Maximilian I, going on to become the castellan (Burggraf) of Vienna and head of the cellarers (Vorsteher des Kellermeisteramtes) of Vienna (1503), and from 1508 occupied the privileged post of financial governor (Vizedom von Österreich unter der Enns or in brief: Vizedom zu Wien); From 1510 he was an imperial court counsellor, from 1512 member of the Lower Austrian government in Vienna (Regierungsbehörde für die sogenannte niederösterreichische Ländergruppe: Österreich unter und ob der Enns, Steiermark, Kärnten und Krain). In 1518 he welcomed Bona Sforza (see letter No. 11, footnote 7) to Vienna, and attended her coronation in Cracow (see Wiesflecker V, p. 265-270; Pociecha, I, p. 231).

[9] After being recalled to Poland in mid-1517, according to the emperor’s earlier wishes Dantiscus was supposed to return to the imperial court in early February 1518 (cf. Introduction, p. !!!). However, he did no set off for his next mission to Maximilian I and Charles I von Habsburg, King of Spain, until October 1518, to arrange for Bona Sforza’s mother, Isabella d’Aragona duchess of Milan (see letter No. 11, footnote 8), the taking over of the inheritance from her aunt, queen of Naples Giovanna IV (d. August 28, 1518) (see Pociecha, II, p. 134, 211-213).

[10] Dating this letter in January seems a mistake on Dantiscus’ part. The adventure with Tschaplitz (see footnote 4) took place near Olomouc, which was the final stage onHerberstein’s return journey from Muscovy to Vienna, after his stay in Cracow.Herberstein gives contradictory information in Selbstbiographie abouthis return (Herberstein 1855, p. 131-132, cf. Herberstein 1560, f. B4r): first saying that on January 25 he arrived in Cracow, leaving on February 6, but writing elsewhere that he arrived in Vienna on January 20. In fact, though, Herberstein must have arrived in Vienna on February 20, and the mentioned letter is a reply to an unknown letter by Herberstein written on his way to Vienna (as also suggested by the formula containing wishes for a successful continued journey – felices successus et secundius iter Magnificentiae Vestrae imprecantes and – in the address: redeunti ). It is therefore probable that Dantiscus and Nipszyc’s joint letter was written on February 21, 1518 (we know that Dantiscus was in Cracow on February 20, and wrote to Ioachim Vadian from there, see Die Vadianische Briefsammlung , vol. I, No. 30, p. 112 (with the erroneous date 1514); cf.Introduction, p. !!! ).

[11] At the royal court in Cracow, Nipszyc with Dantiscus and Jan Zambocki formed a triumvirate of friends who were the front runners of the famous court society known as Bibones et comedones, hence he was often referred to simply as Tertius . In 1519 he went on his first mission from the Polish king to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, the grand masterof the Teutonic Order, and from 1525 until his death was at the Polish court the official (acknowledged by Sigismund I) representative, paid agent and information source of Albrecht as the “duke in Prussia”. An analysis of his letters to the duke from just 1532-34 (AT, XIV-XVI) shows that despite constantly providing information about Polish issues, international affairs were the priority in his reports (Szymaniak, p. 162, footnote 492). Nipszyc informed the duke about these matters very often by sending him news that came from Herberstein, sometimes his letters copied in extenso, or extracts from them (beside the already mentioned volumes of AT, see e.g. Elementa, XXXVI, No. 707, p. 166-167, XLVI, No. 13, p. 26 (conclusion), XLVII, No. 227, 233, 271). From 1525, Nipszyc went on several missions as Sigismund I’s envoy: to Hungary (1525 and 1526), to Ferdinand I (congress in Wrocław (Breslau), 1527, then 1531-1533, 1537), to the assemblies of Royal Prussia (1531, 1534), to Brandenburg (1535-37, 1540) and to the estates of Livonia (1536). During the royal court’s stay in Vilnius from April 1528 to October 1529 (cf. letter No. 13), he defended the interests of Albrecht von Hohenzollern, duke in Prussia, in Prussian-Lithuanian border relations. In 1535 he brought about the marriage of princess Jadwiga Jagiellon and margrave Joachim von Hohenzollern – the future Brandenburg elector. In later years he enjoyed good relations with Dantiscus and also with Tiedemann Giese, who entertained Nipszyc at Dantiscus’ request in 1537, drinking with him all night and probably playing dice or cards. Nipszyc loved to play cards, in an effort to improve the constantly poor condition of his finances (see Borawska 1996, p. 111-112 and ibid. footnote 62 with the archive addresses of the correspondence of Dantiscus, Giese and Nipszyc from 1537; Oracki, II, p. 60-61; Pociecha, II, p. 23-24; Szymaniak, p. 65-103, 162, footnote 492, 167-171).

ONB, Cod. 13.597, f. 13v

Domino Sigismundo de Herberstein paper damaged⌈[de Herberstein]de Herberstein paper damaged⌉, consiliario Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊caesareae maiestatisMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋, equiti aurat paper damaged⌈[equiti aurat]equiti aurat paper damaged⌉o etc. domino et amico colendissimo[1].

ONB, Cod. 13.597, f. 13r

Magnifice Domine, commendationem plurimam.

Litteras Magnificentiae Vestrae ego una cum domino Nikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌊NibschiczNikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌋ dudum non vidimus, nisi quasdam Nikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌊ViennaeNikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌋ datas[2], satis minutas et rebus nostris, de quibus saepius Magnificentiae Vestrae scripsimus, nihil fere respondentes. Quod tamen cf. Cic. S. Rosc. 45, 7 Quaeso, Eruci, ut hoc in bonam partem accipias; Cic. Arch. 32, 5 ea, iudices, a vobis spero esse in bonam partem accepta; Cic. Att. 11, 7, 8 Quod rogas ut in bonam partem accipiam si qua sint in tuis litteris quae me mordeant ⌊in bonam accipimus partemcf. Cic. S. Rosc. 45, 7 Quaeso, Eruci, ut hoc in bonam partem accipias; Cic. Arch. 32, 5 ea, iudices, a vobis spero esse in bonam partem accepta; Cic. Att. 11, 7, 8 Quod rogas ut in bonam partem accipiam si qua sint in tuis litteris quae me mordeant ⌋ et crebris ccupationibus Magnificentiae Vestrae ascribimus. Non tamen desistimus a sollicitatione negotiorum nostrorum apud Magnificentiam Vestram. Dominus Nikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌊NibschiczNikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌋ rogat, ut rem suam de ista provisione centum florenorum super The Jews ⌊IudaeisThe Jews ⌋ Cracoviensibus[3] cordi habeat, praesertim si aliquis oratorum Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊caesareae maiestatisMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ huc expediretur. Commodissimum ei videretur, si reverendissimo domino Christoph Rauber (*1476 – †1536), 1494-1536 Bishop of Ljubljana, 1509-1512 coadjutor of the bishopric of Seckau, 1512-1536 - administrator (CEID 2/1, p. 89, footnote 4)⌊LabacensiChristoph Rauber (*1476 – †1536), 1494-1536 Bishop of Ljubljana, 1509-1512 coadjutor of the bishopric of Seckau, 1512-1536 - administrator (CEID 2/1, p. 89, footnote 4)⌋[4] commissio in hac re daretur, nam sibi a Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊maiestate regiaSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ impetravit, quod dominationis suae reverendissimae debet esse pristaff[5]. Quod ad me attinet, rogo apud Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊caesaream maiestatemMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋, cui per dominum Rafał Leszczyński (†1527), diplomat, studied in Padua; secretary of Sigismund Jagiellon as duke of Głogów; 1509 starosta of Człuchów; 1507-1520 royal secretary; 1510 canon of Poznań; 1512 - of Gniezno; 1518 - of Cracow; 1518 castellan of Ląd; 1520 bishop of Przemyśl; 1522 - of Płock; 1507, 1508, 1512, 1513, 1514 royal envoy to the Estates and town of Prussia; 1507, 1511, 1516 - to the Teutonic Order; 1509, 1514, 1515, 1517, 1518 - to the emperor; 1509, 1515 - to Venice and Rome; 1511, 1519 - to the Roman Empire; 1517 - to Western Pomerania (WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 257; Urzędnicy 1/2)⌊RaphaelemRafał Leszczyński (†1527), diplomat, studied in Padua; secretary of Sigismund Jagiellon as duke of Głogów; 1509 starosta of Człuchów; 1507-1520 royal secretary; 1510 canon of Poznań; 1512 - of Gniezno; 1518 - of Cracow; 1518 castellan of Ląd; 1520 bishop of Przemyśl; 1522 - of Płock; 1507, 1508, 1512, 1513, 1514 royal envoy to the Estates and town of Prussia; 1507, 1511, 1516 - to the Teutonic Order; 1509, 1514, 1515, 1517, 1518 - to the emperor; 1509, 1515 - to Venice and Rome; 1511, 1519 - to the Roman Empire; 1517 - to Western Pomerania (WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 257; Urzędnicy 1/2)⌋[6] oratorem Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊serenissimi regis meiSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ supplicando scripsi, intercedat, quod Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊sua maiestasMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ mei et servitiorum meorum dignaretur habere rationem. Nam in Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊maiestatis suaeMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ servitio canonicatum quadringentorum florenorum et impensas pro litibus centum florenorum amisi[7]. Condemnatus etiam in expens(is), si non implicatus negotiis Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊caesareae maiestatisMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋, rebus meis adesse potuissem, victor omnino evasissem. Quod saltem in Germany (Germania, Niemcy)⌊GermaniaGermany (Germania, Niemcy)⌋ sua maiestas mihi beneficio quodam provideret, non ambio, ut mihi Cologne (Köln, Colonia, Colonia Agrippina), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river⌊ColoniaeCologne (Köln, Colonia, Colonia Agrippina), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river⌋ promisit[8], episcopatum, vel apud serenissimum dominum meum intercederet, quod sua regia maiestas me indemnem redderet. Quae omnia prudentiae Magnificentiae Vestrae et amori erga me committo moderanda. De litteris etiam palatinatus[9], de quibus Magnificentia Vestra mihi scripsit, quas possum gratias habeo. Rogo, prosequatur apud Jacob Spiegel (*1483 – †1547), doctor of both canon and civil laws, since 1513 professor of law at the Vienna University; 1504 imperial secretary; before 1511 secret secretary of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg; 1520 - of Charles V; 1522 secretary in the chancellery of Ferdinand I (resigned after the downfall of chancellor Gabriel Salamanca); 1536 Count Palatine (ADB, Bd. 35, p. 156-158)⌊dominum doctorem SpiegelJacob Spiegel (*1483 – †1547), doctor of both canon and civil laws, since 1513 professor of law at the Vienna University; 1504 imperial secretary; before 1511 secret secretary of Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg; 1520 - of Charles V; 1522 secretary in the chancellery of Ferdinand I (resigned after the downfall of chancellor Gabriel Salamanca); 1536 Count Palatine (ADB, Bd. 35, p. 156-158)⌋[10], ut perficiantur. Quicquid erit impendendum, dominus Rafał Leszczyński (†1527), diplomat, studied in Padua; secretary of Sigismund Jagiellon as duke of Głogów; 1509 starosta of Człuchów; 1507-1520 royal secretary; 1510 canon of Poznań; 1512 - of Gniezno; 1518 - of Cracow; 1518 castellan of Ląd; 1520 bishop of Przemyśl; 1522 - of Płock; 1507, 1508, 1512, 1513, 1514 royal envoy to the Estates and town of Prussia; 1507, 1511, 1516 - to the Teutonic Order; 1509, 1514, 1515, 1517, 1518 - to the emperor; 1509, 1515 - to Venice and Rome; 1511, 1519 - to the Roman Empire; 1517 - to Western Pomerania (WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 257; Urzędnicy 1/2)⌊RaphaelRafał Leszczyński (†1527), diplomat, studied in Padua; secretary of Sigismund Jagiellon as duke of Głogów; 1509 starosta of Człuchów; 1507-1520 royal secretary; 1510 canon of Poznań; 1512 - of Gniezno; 1518 - of Cracow; 1518 castellan of Ląd; 1520 bishop of Przemyśl; 1522 - of Płock; 1507, 1508, 1512, 1513, 1514 royal envoy to the Estates and town of Prussia; 1507, 1511, 1516 - to the Teutonic Order; 1509, 1514, 1515, 1517, 1518 - to the emperor; 1509, 1515 - to Venice and Rome; 1511, 1519 - to the Roman Empire; 1517 - to Western Pomerania (WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 257; Urzędnicy 1/2)⌋ nomine meo persolvet in his meis et domini Nikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌊NibschiczNikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌋ negotiis. Quaeso Magnificentiam Vestram accuratam navet operam, quo nos sibi perpetue devinctos atque auctoratos reddet. Optime et feliciter Magnificentia Vestra valeat et nobis duobus, qui nunc in uno contubernio et in eodem cubiculo vivimus, saepe scribat.

Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌈Dat(ae)Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌉ Cracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌊CracoviaeCracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌋, 12 Iulii anno 1518.

Magnificentiae Vestrae deditissimus Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioannes DantiscusIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋, secretarius.

[1] Missing part of address were written on the lost piece of paper the seal was impressed through.

[2] Unknown letter.

[3] See also cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN Cracow, 1518-09-11, CIDTC IDL 127⌊IDL 127cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN Cracow, 1518-09-11, CIDTC IDL 127⌋.

[4] After the congress in Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennaVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ (1515) Christoph Rauber (*1476 – †1536), 1494-1536 Bishop of Ljubljana, 1509-1512 coadjutor of the bishopric of Seckau, 1512-1536 - administrator (CEID 2/1, p. 89, footnote 4)⌊RauberChristoph Rauber (*1476 – †1536), 1494-1536 Bishop of Ljubljana, 1509-1512 coadjutor of the bishopric of Seckau, 1512-1536 - administrator (CEID 2/1, p. 89, footnote 4)⌋ was supposed to go on a mission from Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊Emperor Maximilian IMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ to Muscovy (Grand Duchy of Muscovy, Moscovia)⌊MoscowMuscovy (Grand Duchy of Muscovy, Moscovia)⌋. Because he kept delaying his departure and Juan Dalbion ⌊DantiscusJuan Dalbion ⌋ kept insisting the envoys should leave as soon as possible, the mission was ultimately entrusted to Sigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌊HerbersteinSigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌋ (see Wiesflecker IV, p. 212; Picková, p. 170-171, cf. Introduction, p. 23-24 and cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN [Augsburg], [1516-10-21 — 1516-10-28], CIDTC IDL 122⌊IDL 122cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Sigmund von HERBERSTEIN [Augsburg], [1516-10-21 — 1516-10-28], CIDTC IDL 122⌋, footnote 7)..

[5] Pristaff – a term of Ruthenian origin (pristav) meaning – especially in Muscovy Russ – an official who accompanied foreign diplomats arriving in Muscovy, usually from the very border, and was their guide, assistant and companion, and also a spy discreetly controlling their unofficial activities and contacts. The term, adopted into Polish in the form przistaw – przystaw was used at least from the last quarter of the 14th century to mean ‘helper, assistant, guide, messenger’ (see SS), and it is in this meaning that it appears in the letter. Its notation in Dantiscus’ hand can denote both the Ruthenian and the Polish phonetics of the word. A similar notation, but certainly eflecting the Ruthenian sound, in the form: Prystaff (next to Pristaw), can be found in Herberstein’s Selbstbiographie (Herberstein 1855, p. 120-121, cf. Herberstein 1556, p. 44, 138, 152; Herberstein 1557, §§ 93, 161, 280,573, 576, 581, 600, 610, 616, 57-658).

[6] Cf. cf. Gerhard Deggeller, Karl V. und Polen-Litauen. Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Ostpolitik des spaeten Kaisertums., Wuerzburg - Aumuehle, 1939 ⌊DEGGELLERcf. Gerhard Deggeller, Karl V. und Polen-Litauen. Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Ostpolitik des spaeten Kaisertums., Wuerzburg - Aumuehle, 1939 ⌋, p. 40.

[7] The court proceedings mentioned in the letter, which entailed high costs for Dantiscus, were linked to his efforts to obtain a canonry in Warmia (Ermland). While in Pressburg in 1515, King Sigismund I gave Dantiscus a written promise to grant him a canonry in the Warmia chapter, in accordance with the right to appoint canons granted him by Pope Leo X in 1514. With the death of canon Andrzej Kletz (von Tostir,Tustir) on September 5, 1515, the post of custodian became vacant in the Warmia chapter. Despite the royal guarantee, in 1517 the pope promised this benefice to Warmia canon Walenty Grabau who was in Rome. Sigismund I’s opposition to this decision is documented by his letters to the pope and cardinals (AT, IV, No. 209, p. 169-170). Dantiscus did not obtain a Warmia canonry until 1529 (see SBKW, pp. 74, 113; Borawska 1996, p. 172; BCz, pressmark 403, p. 533 (note in Maurycy Ferber’s hand on the documents connected with the case); pressmark 1594, p. 323-324 (letter of Dantiscus to Warmia bishop Fabian Luzjański, Augsburg, November 19, 1516), cf. Müller-Blessing, p. 176-178; Pociecha, IV, p. 228). .

[8] Emperor Maximilian I probably promised Dantiscus a bishopric in the Reich on June 5-6, 1517, when Dantiscus was setting off for Poland, having been recalled by King Sigismund I. This was the only time during Dantiscus’ stay at the imperial court in 1517 that Maximilian I was in Cologne (see CEID 2.1, Introduction, p. 22-23)..

[9] Most probably a reference to the imperial diploma granting Dantiscus the title of the count palatine ( comes palatinus, Hofpfalzgraf), see CEID 2.1, Introduction, p. 21, footnote 29 and p. 27..

[10] Dantiscus owed Jacob Spiegel’s poet’s laurels (1516) to his support. For more about the circumstances in which Dantiscus dedicated his Soteria to him, and the probable link between this fact and Dantiscus receiving the title of count palatine , see CEID 2.1, Introduction, p. 25-27..

APK I, ADzied 24 18, No. 4 p. [1]

Reverendissime in Christo Pater et Domine, Domine gratiosissime, humillimam commendationem.

Nuper cum Stanislao tabellario Dominationis Vestrae Reverendissimae, quae hic aguntur, descripsi omnia, quae praecipitanter ita effluxere, quod a me non sunt relecta. Dabit Dominatio Vestra Reverendissima veniam et non id, quod scribitur, sed scribentis animum pensitabit. Litteras domini Olbracht Gasztołd (Wojciech Gasztołd) (*1470 – †1539), 1505 governor of Nowogród; 1505-1509 cupbearer of Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1513 voivode of Połock; 1519 - of Trakai; 1522 - of Vilnius, grand chancellor of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (PSB 7, p. 299-303)⌊GastoldiOlbracht Gasztołd (Wojciech Gasztołd) (*1470 – †1539), 1505 governor of Nowogród; 1505-1509 cupbearer of Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1513 voivode of Połock; 1519 - of Trakai; 1522 - of Vilnius, grand chancellor of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (PSB 7, p. 299-303)⌋ palatini in Połock⌊PoloczkoPołock⌋ translatas, ut seriem rerum omnium uberius capiat, praesentibus inclusi, ex quibus omnia, quae hactenus gesta sunt, considerabit. Supervenerunt aliae ab eodem, quae ferunt The Muscovites (Moscovians, Mosci) ⌊MoscorumThe Muscovites (Moscovians, Mosci) ⌋ exercitum solvisse obsidionem et fugere in Muscovy (Grand Duchy of Muscovy, Moscovia)⌊MoscoviamMuscovy (Grand Duchy of Muscovy, Moscovia)⌋. Nostri numero decem milium bene armatorum duce Ianussio Swirczowsky in vestigia sequuntur. Quid inde futurum, in horas exspectamus. The Muscovites (Moscovians, Mosci) ⌊MosciThe Muscovites (Moscovians, Mosci) ⌋ tormenta, quae ad oppugnandum Połock⌊PoloczkoPołock⌋ advexerant, in fluvio Dźwina⌊DzwinaDźwina⌋ fugientes mersisse dicuntur, quae tamen a nostris recuperari possunt. Sic a The Muscovites (Moscovians, Mosci) ⌊MoscisThe Muscovites (Moscovians, Mosci) ⌋ et The Tatars ⌊TartarisThe Tatars ⌋ liberati hic triumphamus.

De exitu nostro hinc Lithuania⌊LituaniamLithuania⌋ nihil igitur adhuc certi nobiscum est. Venit ante paucos dies dominus marscalcus Lituaniae Jan Radziwiłł (*ca. 1474 – †1522), 1514 land marshall of Lithuania; 1522 castellan of Trakai; 1507, 1508 royal envoy to Muscovy (PSB 30/1, p. 191-192)⌊Ioannes RadiwilowiczJan Radziwiłł (*ca. 1474 – †1522), 1514 land marshall of Lithuania; 1522 castellan of Trakai; 1507, 1508 royal envoy to Muscovy (PSB 30/1, p. 191-192)⌋ Mikołaj Radziwiłł (*ca. 1470 – †1521), 1505 voivode of Trakai; 1510 Vilnius voivode and chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 a head the of polish legation in the Congress in Pressburg (PSB 30/2, p. 316-319)⌊palatini VilnensisMikołaj Radziwiłł (*ca. 1470 – †1521), 1505 voivode of Trakai; 1510 Vilnius voivode and chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 a head the of polish legation in the Congress in Pressburg (PSB 30/2, p. 316-319)⌋ frater a dominis magni ducatus ad Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊maiestatem regiamSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ missus, et quia seorsum semper cum Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊maiestate regiaSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ commissa agit, nescimus, quid velit. Unum tamen hoc expiscatus sum, quod domini Lituani propter privatum commodum conantur inhibitionem hanc contra Albrecht of Brandenburg (Albrecht von Hohenzollern) (*1490 – †1545), 1499-1545 co-Margrave of Brandenburg (together with his brother Joachim I Nestor), 1513-1545 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1514-1545 Elector and Archbishop of Mayence, 1518 elevated to cardinal; son of Johann Cicero, Prince-Elector of Brandenburg, and Margarete of Saxony (daughter of Wilhelm III von Sachsen)⌊magistrum generalemAlbrecht of Brandenburg (Albrecht von Hohenzollern) (*1490 – †1545), 1499-1545 co-Margrave of Brandenburg (together with his brother Joachim I Nestor), 1513-1545 Archbishop of Magdeburg, 1514-1545 Elector and Archbishop of Mayence, 1518 elevated to cardinal; son of Johann Cicero, Prince-Elector of Brandenburg, and Margarete of Saxony (daughter of Wilhelm III von Sachsen)⌋ deponere, sed frustra, operam et oleum perdunt, prout etiam frater Nikolaus von Schönberg (*1472 – †1537), dominican, brother of Dietrich von Schönberg; in 1518, as a papal legate, mediated unsuccessfully the conflict between Poland and Teutonic Order; 1520-1536 archbishop of Capua; 1535 elevated to cardinal; 1537 cardinal-priest of S. Sisto; legate of pope Leo X to imperial court, to Grand Master of Teutonic Order, to Poland, Hungary and Grand Duchy of Muscovy (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 128; SACH, p. 328-336)⌊Nicolaus de SchonbergNikolaus von Schönberg (*1472 – †1537), dominican, brother of Dietrich von Schönberg; in 1518, as a papal legate, mediated unsuccessfully the conflict between Poland and Teutonic Order; 1520-1536 archbishop of Capua; 1535 elevated to cardinal; 1537 cardinal-priest of S. Sisto; legate of pope Leo X to imperial court, to Grand Master of Teutonic Order, to Poland, Hungary and Grand Duchy of Muscovy (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 128; SACH, p. 328-336)⌋, qui discretam ab aliis apud Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊maiestatem regiamSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ habuit audientiam, et de inhibitione nihil impetravit, et pridie expeditus hinc in Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariamHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ solvit Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊AugustamAugsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ ad conventum imperialem iturus, et ante finem futuri mensis in urbe apud suum sanctissimum constitui pollicitus est per postas. Ostendit mihi etiam litteras Dominationis Vestrae Reverendissimae manu propria ad Dietrich von Schönberg (*1484 – †1525), fell in the battle of Pavia ; 1515-1524 diplomat and advisor in Grand Master's Albrecht von Hohenzollern service, as his envoy, he held the talks at the imperial, English and Danish courts in order to get help against Poland; in 1517 was negotiating with Moscow for an anti-Polish alliance, in 1524 he entered the service of the French King Francis I (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 99, 117; SACH, p. 239-292; POCIECHA 2, p. 219-221)⌊Theodericum de SchonbergDietrich von Schönberg (*1484 – †1525), fell in the battle of Pavia ; 1515-1524 diplomat and advisor in Grand Master's Albrecht von Hohenzollern service, as his envoy, he held the talks at the imperial, English and Danish courts in order to get help against Poland; in 1517 was negotiating with Moscow for an anti-Polish alliance, in 1524 he entered the service of the French King Francis I (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 99, 117; SACH, p. 239-292; POCIECHA 2, p. 219-221)⌋ scriptas, quas APK I, ADzied 24 18, No 4 p. [2] plurimum commendavit et ad finem mihi legendas dedit. Non satis Dominationem Vestram Reverendissimam laudare potuit, quam pro debito paper damaged⌈[o]o paper damaged⌉ et observantia mea, cuius laudum praeco vocalissimus semper exstiti, una cum Nikolaus von Schönberg (*1472 – †1537), dominican, brother of Dietrich von Schönberg; in 1518, as a papal legate, mediated unsuccessfully the conflict between Poland and Teutonic Order; 1520-1536 archbishop of Capua; 1535 elevated to cardinal; 1537 cardinal-priest of S. Sisto; legate of pope Leo X to imperial court, to Grand Master of Teutonic Order, to Poland, Hungary and Grand Duchy of Muscovy (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 128; SACH, p. 328-336)⌊fratre NicolaoNikolaus von Schönberg (*1472 – †1537), dominican, brother of Dietrich von Schönberg; in 1518, as a papal legate, mediated unsuccessfully the conflict between Poland and Teutonic Order; 1520-1536 archbishop of Capua; 1535 elevated to cardinal; 1537 cardinal-priest of S. Sisto; legate of pope Leo X to imperial court, to Grand Master of Teutonic Order, to Poland, Hungary and Grand Duchy of Muscovy (BORAWSKA 1984, p. 128; SACH, p. 328-336)⌋ in caelum extulimus. Quae autem inter paper damaged⌈[er]er paper damaged⌉ nos loquendo de variis fuere, velim coram mihi referendi daretur aliqua commoditas. Homo iste plus habet in cappa, quam monachum etc. Ineptias hic etiam quasdam inclusi, ut Dominatio Vestra Reverendissima videret, quas contra quendam furiosum nebulonem cum quibusdam in fine meis versibus quidam edidit. Dominatio Vestra Reverendissima non aegre ferat, libenter velim in omnibus obsequi et placere Dominationi Vestrae Reverendissimae. Cui me humiliter commendo et rogo rem meam, ut coepit, tueatur nec me favore suo prosequi desinat.

Cracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌊CracoviaeCracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌋ 27 Augusti anno 1518.

Eiusdem Dominationis Vestrae Reverendissimae deditissimus Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioannes F(lachsbinder) DantiscusIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋.

ONB, Cod. 13.597, f. 23v

Generoso paper damaged⌈[Generoso]Generoso paper damaged⌉ domino Sigismundo de Herberstein paper damaged⌈[Herberstein]Herberstein paper damaged⌉, equiti aurato et caesareae maie paper damaged⌈[caesareae maie]caesareae maie paper damaged⌉statis consiliario domino paper damaged⌈[domino]domino paper damaged⌉ et amico colendissimo.

ONB, Cod. 13.597, f. 23r

Magnifice Domine, commendationem plurimam.

Quod toties Magnificentiam Vestram obtundo litteris, partim amor meus in Magnificentiam Vestram non mediocris, partim res nostrae agendae, quae curae Magnificentiae Vestrae commissae sunt, efficiunt. Praesertim quae spectant contubernalem meum dominum Nikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌊NibschiczNikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌋, qui sine intermissione, ut Magnificentiam Vestram negotiorum suorum memorem redderem, me hortatur. Novit Magnificentia Vestra, quomodo Lorenz Saurer (*ca. 1465 – †1523), son of town councillor and mayor of Salzburg Georg Saurer; in 1518 welcomed Bona Sforza to Vienna and attended her coronation in Cracow; 1503 castellan (Burggraf) of Vienna and head of the cellarers; 1510 imperial court counsellor; 1512 member of the Lower Austrian Government in Vienna (CEID 2/1, p. 87, footnote 9)⌊vicedominusLorenz Saurer (*ca. 1465 – †1523), son of town councillor and mayor of Salzburg Georg Saurer; in 1518 welcomed Bona Sforza to Vienna and attended her coronation in Cracow; 1503 castellan (Burggraf) of Vienna and head of the cellarers; 1510 imperial court counsellor; 1512 member of the Lower Austrian Government in Vienna (CEID 2/1, p. 87, footnote 9)⌋ Austria⌊AustriaeAustria⌋ initium provisionis suae, dum hic apud maiestatem regiam ageret, posuit, ut videlicet a The Jews ⌊IudaeisThe Jews ⌋ Cracoviensibus post mortem cuiusdam Sigismundi Stosch centum florenos annuatim haberet[1]. Quod negotium sic inchoatum pendet adhuc. Proinde Magnificentia Vestra summopere deprecatur, velit impendere operam, quod Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊maiestas caesareaMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ primis oratoribus huc ituris rem hanc perficiendam demandaret, potissimum reverendissimo Christoph Rauber (*1476 – †1536), 1494-1536 Bishop of Ljubljana, 1509-1512 coadjutor of the bishopric of Seckau, 1512-1536 - administrator (CEID 2/1, p. 89, footnote 4)⌊domino LabacensiChristoph Rauber (*1476 – †1536), 1494-1536 Bishop of Ljubljana, 1509-1512 coadjutor of the bishopric of Seckau, 1512-1536 - administrator (CEID 2/1, p. 89, footnote 4)⌋, qui facillime, si huc veniret, finem faceret. Omnis spes et fiducia in Magnificentia Vestra sita est. Uterque non dubitamus, quin Magnificentia Vestra officiosam se exhibebit. Quod me attinet, novissimis litteris descripsi. Mutuiter faciet, si me saepius Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊maiestati caesareaeMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ commendabit, ego hic assiduus apud Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊serenissimum dominum meumSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋ sum praeco laudum Magnificentiae Vestrae. Cui me cum domino Nikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌊NibschiczNikolaus Nibschitz (Mikołaj Nipszyc) (*ca. 1483 – †1541), royal courtier, diplomat in the service of Sigismund I and Albrecht von Hohenzollern-Ansbach, Dantiscus' friend; from 1525 until his death an official representative of Duke Albrecht at the Cracow royal court; from 1532 royal secretary; 1519 royal envoy to Albrecht von Hohenzollern, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 1525, 1526 envoy to Hungary, 1527 envoy to the Congress in Wrocław, 1531-1533, 1537 envoy to Ferdinand I of Habsburg, 1535-1537, 1540 envoy to Brandenburg, 1536 envoy to the estates of Livonia⌋ contubernali meo iterum iterumque commendo et rogo, quo coepit favore nos prosequatur.

Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌈Dat(ae)Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌉ Cracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌊CracoviaeCracow (Kraków, Cracovia), city in southern Poland, Małopolska, on the Vistula river, from 1038 capital of the Kingdom of Poland⌋, XI Septembris MDXVIII.

Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioannes DantiscusIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋.

[1] Mikołaj Nipszyc received a salary of 100 florins, provided from half the rent paid by the Jews of Cracow, on July 21, 1525, granted by King Sigismund I after the death of Sigismund Stosch of Kounice and Olbrachice (Stossz, Sthosz de Kunicze), royal courtier (at least since 1476), royal cavalry captain (at least since 1485), who had received the salary since 1503.

ONB, Cod. 13.597, f. 14v

Dem edlenn und gestrengen hern Sigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌊Sigmundt von HerberstainSigmund von Herberstein (*1486 – †1566), diplomat in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, Charles V, and Roman King Ferdinand I, writer and historian. In 1517 sent to Poland to conduct the marriage between King Sigismund I Jagiellon and Duchess Bona Sforza d'Aragona, and to Moscow to arrange a truce between the Grand Duchy of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; 1515 member of the Council of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1515-1553 carried out many diplomatic missions (in 1517 and 1526 he was twice an imperial envoy at the Muscovy court)⌋ ritter, Maximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌊Romischer kayserlicher maiestetMaximilian I of Habsburg (*1459 – †1519), from 1486 King of the Romans, actual ruler of the Empire from the death of Frederick III (1493), 1508-1519 Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation; son of Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal⌋ radt etc. zu eigenen handenn.

ONB, Cod. 13.597, f. 14r

Magnifice Domine, commendationem plurimam.

Nescio, quomodo exordiar contra Magnificentiam Vestram, quae contra promissam, ut tamen modestius agam, ex Moldorff[1] discessit et nihil litterarum vel commissionis per aliquem mihi reliquit. De quo alio tempore latius. Impraesentiarum coegit me ad scribendum, quod non ivi in Freysing, sed per Munich (München, Monachium, Monacum), city in southern Germany, capital of Bavaria⌊MonchenMunich (München, Monachium, Monacum), city in southern Germany, capital of Bavaria⌋ et accepi litteras Vestras[2] cum pecuniis, quas hactenus duxi. Dabo operam, ut hinc ad fratrem Vestrum[3] perducantur. Interea rogo me Magnificentia Vestra ex favore suo non dimittat. Totus enim Vester et si dici potest Vestrissimus sum. Cui me plurimum commendo. Ex Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌊AugustaAugsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), city in Germany, Bavaria⌋ de rebus nostris pluribus agemus.

Ex Munich (München, Monachium, Monacum), city in southern Germany, capital of Bavaria⌊MonchenMunich (München, Monachium, Monacum), city in southern Germany, capital of Bavaria⌋, 24 Novembris anno 1518.

Vester Ioannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌊Ioannes DantiscusIoannes Dantiscus (Johannes von Höfen, Ioannes de Curiis, Jan Dantyszek, Johannes Flachsbinder) (*1485 – †1548), eminent diplomat and humanist in the service of the Jagiellons, neo-Latin poet; 1530-1537 Bishop of Kulm; 1537-1548 Bishop of Ermland⌋.

[1] Mühldorf am Inn, northwest of Salzburg and east of Munich. It is hard to tell whether Dantiscus met Herberstein there. On November 1,1518 Herberstein met with Emperor Maximilian I in Innsbruck, from where the emperor traveled towards Linz via Wels (where he died). On November 9, in a letter to Herberstein from Kufstein, the emperor ordered him to be in Mühldorf on November 19, to meet there with Cardinal Matthäus Lang (1468-1540), coadjutor of the archbishop of Salzburg, and on November 16 ordered Herberstein to go to Salzburg. The delivery of the second letter (or instruction) could have been the reason for Herberstein’s sudden departure from Mühldorf (see Herberstein 1855, p. 136-137, 139-141). Dantiscus reached Mühldorf after November 17, 1518, the date when the emperor issued him a guarantee of safe passage (litterae passus) in Gmunden am Traunsee Oberösterreich), for the mission to Spain to Charles I von Habsburg (see Pociecha, II, p. 212).

[2] Unknown letter.

[3] Most probably Georg von Herberstein, see letter No. 3, footnote 1.

VSSG, Ms. 30, f. 46v

[...] text damaged⌈[...][...] text damaged⌉ do text damaged⌈[do]do text damaged⌉ctissimoque viro Joachim von Watt (Ioachimus Vadianus) (*1484 – †1551), Swiss humanist, poet and reformer, Dantiscus' friend. He studied at the faculty of arts (under Konrad Celtis) in Vienna, and later in Trent, Padua and Venice. In 1509 he obtained the degree of Master of Arts and in 1517 he was graduated as doctor of medicine. As a mayor of family town, he brought about St. Gallen's conversion to Protestantism. During his voyages he visited Leipzig, Wrocław (Ger. Breslau) and Cracow.; 1518 - town physician in St. Gallen; 1521 - member of the St. Gallen Town Council; 1526 - Mayor of St. Gallen. (ADB, Bd. 41, 239-244)⌊Ioachimo Vadiano text damaged⌈[Vadiano]Vadiano text damaged⌉Joachim von Watt (Ioachimus Vadianus) (*1484 – †1551), Swiss humanist, poet and reformer, Dantiscus' friend. He studied at the faculty of arts (under Konrad Celtis) in Vienna, and later in Trent, Padua and Venice. In 1509 he obtained the degree of Master of Arts and in 1517 he was graduated as doctor of medicine. As a mayor of family town, he brought about St. Gallen's conversion to Protestantism. During his voyages he visited Leipzig, Wrocław (Ger. Breslau) and Cracow.; 1518 - town physician in St. Gallen; 1521 - member of the St. Gallen Town Council; 1526 - Mayor of St. Gallen. (ADB, Bd. 41, 239-244)⌋ me text damaged⌈[me]me text damaged⌉dicinae doctori oratori poetae a text damaged⌈[poetae a]poetae a text damaged⌉ caesa text damaged⌈[caesa]caesa text damaged⌉re laureato tamquam fratri carissimo.

VSSG, Ms. 30, f. 46r

Ioannes Dantiscus etc. Ioachimo Vadiano etc. salutem.

Cum nuper peregrinandi, ut nostri dicunt, causa per The Swiss ⌊HelvetiosThe Swiss ⌋, ubique Te quaerebam, irem, nemo fuit, qui, ubi esses aut ageres, me edocere potuit. Pro summo meo in Te amore, quo Te plus quam dici potest prosequor, Te libenter convenissem. Quocumque igitur me verti et alicuius litteraturae hominem offendi, primum, quod loqui incoepi, Vadianus fuit. Sed nullus per hoc iter, quis esses, scivit. Postremo huc diverti repperique quosdam meos comites, viros nobilissimos, qui superioribus annis una mecum in Syria⌊SyriamSyria⌋ navigarunt. Illorum opera familiaritatem cum viro eruditissimo expertissimoque domino Peter Falk (*ca. 1468 – †1519)⌊Petro FalconePeter Falk (*ca. 1468 – †1519)⌋, huius urbis praefecto, contraxi, cum quo dum pro illius in me humanitate facerem verba plurima, Tui obiter incidit mentio. Quamgratum mihi fuerit, quod homo iste candidissimus Te noverit, explicare nequeo. Unde dum eum intentum viderem, ut sciret, quis essem, remisi eum ad commentaria Tua in Titus Pomponius Mela (Pomponius Mela) (†ca. 45 AD), Roman geographer, author of "De situ orbis libri tres"⌊Pomponium MelamTitus Pomponius Mela (Pomponius Mela) (†ca. 45 AD), Roman geographer, author of "De situ orbis libri tres"⌋, quae a Te dono acceperat.

Multum Tibi debere, carissime Vadiane, quamdiu in vivis sum, fatebor, quod tam amico iudicio me doctissimis Tuis scriptis immortalem reddideris. Dabitur vicissim a me opera, si olim quicquam ingenio hoc meo, qualecumque est, eniti possum, non, ut dici solet, mulus mulum etc., quo Tibi ex vero et sincero de Te iudicio non ingratus videbor. Sed haec hactenus. Ut scias, quae me causa huc coegerit: ingressus sum iter in ultimas Spain (Hispania)⌊HispaniasSpain (Hispania)⌋ ad Santiago de Compostela (Compostella)⌊sancti Iacobi sarcophagumSantiago de Compostela (Compostella)⌋[1] et spero

Tu interea absens absentem memori sub pectore conde. Sis memor ipse mei, contra memor ipse manebo. Si quandoque feliciter, quod Deus Optimus Maximus faxit, rediero, Te non viso nequaquam ab The Swiss ⌊HelvetiisThe Swiss ⌋ solvam. Vale et Dantiscum Te plurimum diligentem et observantem ama.

Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌈Dat(ae)Dat(ae) or Dat(um)⌉ Freiburg (Freiburg im Üechtland, Fribourg), city in western Switzerland, on the Sarine river⌊FriburgaeFreiburg (Freiburg im Üechtland, Fribourg), city in western Switzerland, on the Sarine river⌋, 17 Decembris, post partum Virginis 1518.

[1] Dantiscus does not go to Santiago de Compostela. He gives here a faked informaton in order to hide an actual scope of his journey - a diplomatic mission to the court of Charles I. cf. cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Joachim von WATT (VADIANUS) Cracow, 1521-10-01, CIDTC IDL 4907⌊IDL 4907cf. Ioannes DANTISCUS to Joachim von WATT (VADIANUS) Cracow, 1521-10-01, CIDTC IDL 4907⌋.