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Letter #1015

Cornelis DE SCHEPPER to Ioannes DANTISCUS
Vienna, 1533-10-08

English register:

Shortly after his return to Vienna, De Schepper sends to Dantiscus an account of his embassy to Constantinople.

He is pleased with the letter from Dantiscus which the Archbishop of Lund [Johan Weze] handed to him. Although he is satisfied with what he currently has, he wishes that his princes would show more appreciation for him. He has always tried to achieve results not by flattery or intrigue, but through loyal dedication and zeal, and to bear fortune and misfortune with equanimity. He longs to meet Dantiscus but his duty forces him to travel to Spain, with only a stopover of three days at home in Flanders. Indeed, his current mission is of crucial international importance.

There follows a brief account of the facts.

After the retreat of the Sultan [Suleiman the Magnificent] from Hungary last year, the King of the Romans [Ferdinand I] sent Hieronymus of Zadar as an envoy to the Sultan. The envoy reported that the Sultan was willing to negotiate a peace treaty with King Ferdinand, and intended to involve the Emperor [Charles V] in it. Subsequently the Sultan sent an envoy to King Ferdinand to verify the statements of the King's envoy. At that time De Schepper and Weze were staying in Vienna as ambassadors of the Emperor. De Schepper was commissioned to travel to Constantinople as an ambassador on behalf of King Ferdinand. There he was confronted with a troubled situation, caused by the rebellion of wicked Christians. Meanwhile the envoys had frequent conversations with Ibrahim Pasha and Alvise Gritti, who hold all the power.

On July 23, the peace treaty was signed in the presence of the Sultan and three of the pashas. De Schepper and Hieronymus of Zadar acted for King Ferdinand. Unlike the treaty with Poland, this one involves an everlasting peace (pax in perpetuum). King Ferdinand retains his present territories, without paying any tribute, and he has good hope of expanding his rule over the entire Kingdom of Hungary. Of this, only four people have been informed, including De Schepper himself.

The Sultan promised his support to King Ferdinand against possible enemies, and called him his son. This unexpected success is entirely due to God's will, as neither rhetorical nor diplomatic skills can influence the decision of an autocrat. Emperor Charles could have been involved in this peace, but he wished not to be mentioned. De Schepper explains the Sultan's desire for peace by pointing out the failure of his military expedition of the previous year, the great losses he has suffered thereby, the smouldering revolt among the Greeks and his Christian subjects, the threat from the Persians in the East, and the defection of many janissaries to the Shah [Tahmāsp I].

Admiral Andrea Doria managed to break the naval blockade of the city of Corona by the Turks, and the siege on the landside was also lifted, so that the town could be secured for the Emperor.

For some reason yet unknown, the Pope [Clement VII] will not travel to Nice, but will go to Marseille for a meeting with the King of France [Francis I].

De Schepper wishes Dantiscus and his family the best, and sends greetings by Johan Weze.


            received 1534-02-02

Manuscript sources:
1fair copy in Latin, autograph, UUB, H. 154, f. 120-121
2copy in Latin, 18th-century, LSB, BR 19, No. 21
3copy in Latin, 18th-century, SUB, Sup. Ep. 4-o 41, No. 13, f. 11v-13r
4copy in Latin, 18th-century, SBB, MS Lat. Quart. 101, No. 12, f. 33v-37v
5copy in Latin, 18th-century, SLUB, C 110, f. 45v-51r
6copy in Latin, 18th-century, BCz, 1366, p. 98-106
7copy in Latin, 18th-century, B. Ossol., 151/II, f. 14r-16r
8copy in Latin, 18th-century, BCz, 49 (TN), No. 244, p. 689-694
9register with excerpt in Latin, English, 20th-century, CBKUL, R.III, 30, No. 81

Auxiliary sources:
1register in Polish, 20th-century, B. PAU-PAN, 8247 (TK 9), f. 378

Early printed source materials:
1Monumenta inedita p. 429-432 (in extenso)

Prints:
1AT 15 No. 485, p. 678-681 (in extenso; Polish register)
2DE VOCHT 1961 No. DE, 262, p. 185 (English register; excerpt)
3Españoles part II, No. 74, p. 244-246 (excerpt in Spanish translation)
4CEID 2/2 (Letter No. 56) p. 259-266 (in extenso; English register)

 

Text & apparatus & commentaryPlain textText & commentaryText & apparatus

 

Reverendissimo in Christo Patri, domino Ioanni Dantisco episcopo Culmensi, domino tamquam patri honorandissimo

In Prussia

Reverendissime in Christo Pater, Domine et Pater honorandissime.

Praemissa humili oblatione obsequiorum meorum.

Deo sit laus et gloria, qui et te hactenus servavit incolumem, et me ex periculosa legatione reduxit sanum et hilarem. Nolo enim te nescire duodecima Aprilis hinc solvisse Cornelium, qui XX-o die mensis Maii appulit Constantinopolim rebusque confectis rursum rediit Viennam vicesimo Septembris, ubi litteras tuas apud reverendissimum dominum Lundensem invenit, plenas illas solitae et cognitissimae mihi humanitatis tuae. Ad quas quid aliud respondere possum, quam habere me tibi maximas gratias, quas retributurus est omnium retributor. Cuius gratia mihi nihil deperiit hactenus, nam iacturarum fortunae et hereditatum iam pridem oblitus sum estque adhuc satis domi, quod me ab egestate tueatur. Divitias autem et paupertatem ne dederis mihi, Domine etc.. Forte etiam principes nostri aliquando mutabunt sententiam, apud quos non potui noluique favorem adulationibus, delationibus blanditiisque et ceteris talibus artibus, verum sedulo agendo et bene inserviendo nullos labores, nulla pericula recusando, prospera adversa aeque ferendo parare. His artibus, quibus a pueritia vel te teste assuevi, si quid profecero, bene quidem, sin minus, abunde virtus pro praemio est. Nihil aeque cupio ac te semel invisere, sed me nunc alio fata trahunt, hodie enim aut cras omnino per equos dispositos sum profecturus ad Hispanias per Flandriam, ubi non haerebo supra quam triduum, nam res istae tanti sunt momenti, ut ex illis totus orbis, absit verbo invidia, quasi dependeat, nec enim levia aut ludicra petuntur praemia, ut poeta ait.

Ut vero intelligas, quo in statu res sint, nam multa vana et ficta malis hominibus circumferuntur, adque tui et bonorum omnium, in quorum pectoribus situs est Crucifixus quique genua sua nondum incurvarunt ante Baal , consolationem haec accipe brevibus. Anno superiore, postquam caesar Thurcarum recessit ex Hungaria, misit serenissimus Rhomanorum, Hungariae, Bohemiae rex Ferdinandus per viam Rhagusii Hieronymum de Zara equitem, bonum et strenuum virum et variarum linguarum peritia adhaec longo usu apud Thurcas dignum admiratione. Hic in eo statu res apud Thurcas invenit, ut de honorifica pace iam tractarit, non tamen definitive cum Ferdinando rege neque aspernatus sit Thurca Karolum etiam caesarem in ea comprehendi, modo vellet. Proinde missus est ab eodem Thurcarum caesare huc ex zawssis ipsius unus, qui aliquando apud vos fuit, rescitum, verane proposuisset Hieronymus. Ego tunc Viennae eram cum reverendissimo domino Lundensi nomine caesaris uterque orator. Visum est itaque caesari iam facto de iis omnibus certiori, ut fratri suo Ferdinando inservirem, me conferrem Constantinopolim. Parui, veni, vidi.

Repperi quaedam turbatiora, quam speraveram, nam mali aliquot Christiani pro sua virili rem conati erant subvertere, quod in parte etiam fecerant. Tandem cum Imbrahimo Bassa et Aloisio Gryti, penes quos summa rerum est omnium, frequenter congressi, Deo volente, in praesentia magni caesaris Thurcarum conclusimus firmam et honestam et longam pacem inter praefatum magnum caesarem et Ferdinandum regem, ipsorum regna et dominia. Conclusa est autem haec pax vicesima tertia Iunii in cubiculo praefati magni caesaris in praesentia ipsius et trium bassarum summorum (nam quartus, paulo antequam venirem, obierat diem) Hieronymo et Cornelio agentibus.

De cuius pacis condicionibus haec habe: durabit non per quattuor vitas, ut vestra, quam conclusit Opalynsky, sed in perpetuum, donec enim ipsam Ferdinandus rex servaverit et sui heredes et successores, tamdiu eam domus Othomanna iuravit servare omni sine fraude et sedatis etiam minimis incursionibus. Aliam enim et firmiorem nobiscum servare promisit, quam cum aliis, puta cum Venetis et vobiscum. Ita locutus est ore suo et ipse caesar, et Imbrahimus Bassa, quorum caesar Ferdinandum in filium, Imbrahimus Bassa in fratrem suscepit. Quaecumque habet Ferdinandus, retinet et retinebit sine ullo tributo soluto aut solvendo, aut ulla angaria qualicumque. De toto autem regno Hungariae assequendo spes illi non parva facta est. De qua spe neque Lasky vester, neque quisquam praeter quattuor, inter quos Hieronymus de Zara et Cornelius Duplicius Scepperus duo sunt, quicquam omnino novit. Scio, quid scribatur, quid dicatur, sed veritas elucebit et qui habet aures audiendi, audiat, qui autem sordet, sordescat, adhuc prope est enim iudicium ipsius, et perdet Deus sapientiam sapientum, et prudentiam prudentum confundet. Pollicetur caesar Thurcarum auxilia Ferdinando filio suo adversus quoscumque.

Haec est summa rerum neque plus, neque minus est. Ego numquam credidissem hanc gentem iis condicionibus venturam ad pacem, venit tamen. In qua re nihil nisi voluntas Dei intermedium fuit, neque enim ibi quicquam valet dexteritas, eloquentia, prudentia, adulatio, blanditiae nec subtilitas, sed mera voluntas barbara, nec locum habent ibi parva logicalia, nec Petrus Hispanus, nec „Rhetorica” Tullii, Bartoldi aut Augustini Dathi, sed sic volo, sic iubeo, sit pro ratione voluntas. Itaque ex mera ipsorum voluntate hanc pacem dedere. In qua adhuc poterit Karolus caesar contineri, si volet, nam priore hac vice de se nullam voluit mentionem fieri.

Quaeres, quid mihi videatur aut quae res potest illos impulisse. Dicam: ipsi fatentur se centum triginta milia hominum superioris anni expeditione amisisse, rediere sine praeda, sine gloria. Animi Graecorum et ceterorum Christianorum erecti sunt ad res novas. Tagmats Sophy Ismahelis filius urget ab Asia. Ad eum transfugiunt nullo non die multi janitzari. Numquam credidissem tam parvas vires esse magni illius hostis. Atque ego eas esse scio et vidi, et iterum dico: scio.

Dum expediti essemus iamque urbs Coron in Peloponneso extrema penuria laboraret, quam terra marique obsessam per novem menses tenuerant, subito advenit Andreas de Auria cum parte classis caesareae (nam viginti triremes Hispanae nondum advenerant) sextaque die Augusti per mediam classem Thurcarum profectus nulla navi amissa in civitatem venit. Septima die sanzachus Moreae solvit obsidionem terrestrem. Octava die Graeci, qui cum Hispanis Corone erant, eos insecuti magna strage affecere. Urbe firmata impositoque novo praesidio et commeatu rediit Andreas classe Thurcarum, quae in duplo maior erat, nu{n}squam comparere audente, sed munitissimis locis se continente, felix et victor. Haec sunt, quae te scire volui, et haec vera sunt, quare lauda Dominum et brevi videbis interitum Bestiae.

Pontifex maximus, incertum quibus de causis, confert se non Nicium Provinciae, sed Massiliam ad regem Francorum. Deus sit illi iustus iudex. Qui te, matrem, sorores, propinquos et affines et fratres diu servet incolumem, quibus omnibus cupio ex animo commendari. Reverendissimus dominus Lundensis se Dominationi Vestrae Reverendissimae plurimum commendat, cui ulteriorem scribendi provinciam relinquo, nam ego ad postas.

Iterum vale, Domine et pater honorandissime. Scribe, scribe, nam intra tres menses iterum hic sum futurus. Rursus vale.

Datae Viennae, octava die Octobris anno XV-c XXXIII-o.

Eiusdem Reverendissimae Dominationis Vestrae addictissimus inservitor et filius Cornelius Duplicius