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Letter #2825

Stanisław HOZJUSZ (HOSIUS) to Ioannes DANTISCUS
Cracow, 1545-05-05
            received Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński), 1545-05-17

Manuscript sources:
1fair copy in Latin, autograph, BCz, 1618, p. 617-620 (565-568)
2copy in Latin, 16th-century, AAWO, AB, D. 70, f. 208r-210v + f. [1] missed in numbering after f. 210

Prints:
1HE 1 No. 189, p. 184-185 (in extenso; Latin register)

 

Text & apparatus & commentaryPlain textText & commentaryText & apparatus

 

BCz, 1618, p. 617 (565)

Reverendissime in Christo Pater et Domine, domine colendissime.

Oficiosissimam servitutis meae commendationem.

Quae sint acta in causa Pucensi, ex domino Ludwig Wersfelt ⌊LudovicoLudwig Wersfelt ⌋ Reverendissima Dominatio Vestra abunde cognoscere poterit. Facile fuit vincere non repugnantes. Vestra Reverendissima Dominatio cavit sibi, post principia dominus Stanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), as a leader of the so-called nobles' party active in Royal Prussia since 1536, Kostka stood in opposition to most of the members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who wanted to maintain the autonomy of the province and a "balance of power" in terms of governance. The tension between the Prussian Subtreasurer and the Council had been increasing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Kostka, connected with the royal court since his youth, was sent to Graudenz as the King's deputy and, contrary to custom, decided to take part in the proceedings. In response to such a step, the Council members stopped the meeting. Kostka accused them of hostility towards the Poles and intervened on this matter at the court. In the absence of the then Bishop of Ermland (Mauritius Ferber) it was Dantiscus who chaired the Graudenz Diet. The incident badly harmed his future relationships with Kostka; 1531-1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and Treasurer of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544-1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg), 1545-1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546-1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551-1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌊castellanus ElbingensisStanisław Kostka (*1487 – †1555), as a leader of the so-called nobles' party active in Royal Prussia since 1536, Kostka stood in opposition to most of the members of the Council of Royal Prussia, who wanted to maintain the autonomy of the province and a "balance of power" in terms of governance. The tension between the Prussian Subtreasurer and the Council had been increasing since the Diet in Graudenz (Grudziądz) in 1533. Kostka, connected with the royal court since his youth, was sent to Graudenz as the King's deputy and, contrary to custom, decided to take part in the proceedings. In response to such a step, the Council members stopped the meeting. Kostka accused them of hostility towards the Poles and intervened on this matter at the court. In the absence of the then Bishop of Ermland (Mauritius Ferber) it was Dantiscus who chaired the Graudenz Diet. The incident badly harmed his future relationships with Kostka; 1531-1555 Treasurer of the Prussian lands and Treasurer of Marienburg (Malbork); 1544-1545 Castellan of Elbing (Elbląg), 1545-1546 Castellan of Kulm (Chełmno); 1546-1549 Vice-Voivode of Kulm; 1546-1551 Voivode of Pomerania; 1551-1555 Voivode of Kulm (PSB 14, p. 356; Urzędnicy 5/2, p. 216; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 119-123)⌋, cum ferveret maxime proelium, se subduxit. Cum itaque soli relicti essemus, instigatori silentio imposito, quin etiam eo abire iusso, necesse habui in arenam ipse descendere. Rem quomodo se haberet, detexi, ita ut non habere viderentur, quod contra dicerent. Libello postea scripto refutare conati sunt argumenta mea, sed frigide. Respondendi locus non dabatur. Mihi quidem Johann von Werden (Constellatus, cf. HE, No. 148, p. 150, footnote No. 12) (*1495 – †1554), 1526 Mayor of Gdańsk (Danzig), from 1527 Starost of Neuenburg (Nowe), 1532-1535, 1538, 1539, 1546, 1551 Burgrave of Gdańsk, from 1535 Starost of Preußisch Mark (Przezmark) (1535-1540 together with Achatius von Zehmen (Cema)), 1536/1537 envoy of the Council of Royal Prussia to the Diet of the Kingdom of Poland held in Cracow (SBPN 4, p. 433-435; ZDRENKA 2, p. 368-369; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 93, 161)⌊ConstellatusJohann von Werden (Constellatus, cf. HE, No. 148, p. 150, footnote No. 12) (*1495 – †1554), 1526 Mayor of Gdańsk (Danzig), from 1527 Starost of Neuenburg (Nowe), 1532-1535, 1538, 1539, 1546, 1551 Burgrave of Gdańsk, from 1535 Starost of Preußisch Mark (Przezmark) (1535-1540 together with Achatius von Zehmen (Cema)), 1536/1537 envoy of the Council of Royal Prussia to the Diet of the Kingdom of Poland held in Cracow (SBPN 4, p. 433-435; ZDRENKA 2, p. 368-369; MAŁŁEK 1976, p. 93, 161)⌋ regnum hic visus est exercere. Habet, quod perpetuis temporibus gloriari possit.

Fidem meam et constantiam satis mihi probasse videor omnibus, eventum rei non potui praestare. Utinam dignitatis regiae habita esset aliqua tamen ratio!

Animadverti in hac causa plus posse audaciam quam sapientiam. Ego cum pari meo ita agere non auderem, quemadmodum hic actum est cum Sigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌊regeSigismund I Jagiellon (Zygmunt I) (*1467 – †1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548); Duke of Głogów (Glogau) (1499-1506), Duke of Opava (1501-1506), Governor of Silesia (1504-1506); son of King Kazimierz IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth of Austria⌋. Sed volenti non fit iniuria. Per Mauritius (Moritz), at least in 1537-1547 servant of Ioannes Dantiscus, often sent with letters and packages to the royal court (CIDTC, e.g. IDL 1630, IDL 4476, IDL 3266, IDL 3279)⌊MauriciumMauritius (Moritz), at least in 1537-1547 servant of Ioannes Dantiscus, often sent with letters and packages to the royal court (CIDTC, e.g. IDL 1630, IDL 4476, IDL 3266, IDL 3279)⌋ reliqua, quem ego vellem retinere tantisper, dum de palatinatu constitueretur aliquid. Johann von Höfen (Jan Hartowski, Ioannes Varschoviensis, Ioannes de Curiis) (†after 1547-09-01), probably a first cousin of Dantiscus, student of Valentinus Rawensis; in 1537 studied in Cracow; since 1545, upon Dantiscus' recommendation, in the service of Cracow bishop Samuel Maciejowski (SKOLIMOWSKA 2000)⌊PatruelemJohann von Höfen (Jan Hartowski, Ioannes Varschoviensis, Ioannes de Curiis) (†after 1547-09-01), probably a first cousin of Dantiscus, student of Valentinus Rawensis; in 1537 studied in Cracow; since 1545, upon Dantiscus' recommendation, in the service of Cracow bishop Samuel Maciejowski (SKOLIMOWSKA 2000)⌋ Reverendissimae Dominationis Vestrae Samuel Maciejowski (*1499 – †1550), humanist and diplomat, one of the most trusted advisors to King Sigismund I and then to his son Sigismund II Augustus; from 1521 Canon of the Collegiate Chapter in Sandomierz, and from 1530 in Kielce; from 1531 Canon of Gniezno; from 1532 or 1533 to 1537 royal secretary (previously scribe at the royal chancellery); 1537-1539 Grand Secretary; 1539-1547 Crown Vice-Chancellor; 1539-1541 Bishop of Chełm; 1541-1545 Bishop of Płock; 1545-1550 Bishop of Cracow; 1547-1550 Crown Grand Chancellor; in 1532 royal envoy to Rome; in 1534 and 1538 royal envoy to the local diets (WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 257-258; Urzędnicy 10, p. 184; PSB 19 Machowski - Maria Kazimiera, p. 64-69)⌊reverendissimus dominusSamuel Maciejowski (*1499 – †1550), humanist and diplomat, one of the most trusted advisors to King Sigismund I and then to his son Sigismund II Augustus; from 1521 Canon of the Collegiate Chapter in Sandomierz, and from 1530 in Kielce; from 1531 Canon of Gniezno; from 1532 or 1533 to 1537 royal secretary (previously scribe at the royal chancellery); 1537-1539 Grand Secretary; 1539-1547 Crown Vice-Chancellor; 1539-1541 Bishop of Chełm; 1541-1545 Bishop of Płock; 1545-1550 Bishop of Cracow; 1547-1550 Crown Grand Chancellor; in 1532 royal envoy to Rome; in 1534 and 1538 royal envoy to the local diets (WYCZAŃSKI 1990, p. 257-258; Urzędnicy 10, p. 184; PSB 19 Machowski - Maria Kazimiera, p. 64-69)⌋ non gravatim suscipiet.

Deum precor, ut Reverendissimam Dominationem Vestram diu servet incolumem. Cuius me gratiae commendo.

Eiusdem Reverendissimae Dominationis Vestrae servitor deditissimus Stanisław Hozjusz (Stanisław Hosz, Stanislaus Hosius) (*1504 – †1579), diplomat and theologian; 1534-1538 secretary to the Bishops of Cracow Piotr Tomicki and Jan Chojeński; 1538-1549 royal secretary; 1538-1549 Canon of Ermland (Warmia) and from 1539 Cantor; 1540-1550 Canon of Cracow; 1549-1551 Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno); 1551-1579 Bishop of Ermland; in 1560 elevated to Cardinal; 1561-1563 Papal Legate to the General Council of Trent; in 1573 appointed Grand Penitentiary to Pope Gregory XIII (SBKW, p. 95-96; KOPICZKO 2, p. 129-130)⌊Stanislaus HosiusStanisław Hozjusz (Stanisław Hosz, Stanislaus Hosius) (*1504 – †1579), diplomat and theologian; 1534-1538 secretary to the Bishops of Cracow Piotr Tomicki and Jan Chojeński; 1538-1549 royal secretary; 1538-1549 Canon of Ermland (Warmia) and from 1539 Cantor; 1540-1550 Canon of Cracow; 1549-1551 Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno); 1551-1579 Bishop of Ermland; in 1560 elevated to Cardinal; 1561-1563 Papal Legate to the General Council of Trent; in 1573 appointed Grand Penitentiary to Pope Gregory XIII (SBKW, p. 95-96; KOPICZKO 2, p. 129-130)⌋ cantor et canonicus Varmiensis

Postscript:

Nova dedi domino Ludwig Wersfelt ⌊LudovicoLudwig Wersfelt ⌋, quae Reverendissimae Dominationi Vestrae perferet.

Enclosure:

AAWO, AB, D. 70, f. 208r

Scire imprimis dignetur Vestra Dominatio Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaream maiestatemCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ Worms (Vormatia), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river⌊WormatiamWorms (Vormatia), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river⌋ non ituram, deinde etiam in Hungariam quidem, etiam si hic constet Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊imperatorem ThurcarumSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ maiori quam antehac exercitu in Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariamHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ adventare, certo oppugnaturum Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennamVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ et alias regiones vastaturum, adducturum 40 milia hominum fossorum, qui Buda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌊BudamBuda (Ofen), city in Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube river, which divides Buda from Pest, capital of the Kingdom of Hungary; in 1873 Buda, Pest and Óbuda were unified to become Budapest⌋ et alias occupatas in Hungaria nuper arces muniant. Interim dum res Turca in Austria⌊AustriaAustria⌋ et Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariaHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ reliqua ms. ii(!) ⌈aa ms. ii(!) ⌉s gerat, mansura hic est Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊sua maiestasCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ Brussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌊BruszlaeBrussels (Bruxellae), city in the Low Countries, Duchy of Brabant, since the regency of Mary of Hungary the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, today the capital of Belgium⌋ ad duos menses curandae valetudinis causa, in Maio visura est omnes hic in Low Germany⌊inferiori <Germania>Low Germany⌋ et aditura hereditarias regiones, toto anno paratura bellum in Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariaHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ ad consequentem aestatem, passuram aequo animo hoc anno, si hostis etiam magnum in Austria⌊AustriaAustria⌋ daret damnum. De concordia principum Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy

Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊regis Franciae et AngliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy

Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋ laboraturus etiam interim est, quod antehac Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊suae maiestatiCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ maxime, nec quicquam tamen, fuit curae. Et toto hoc anno de principum Germanicorum concordia, de constituendae ec(c)l(es)iae vera forma acturum et nihil praetermissurum apud omnes Christianos principes, quod ad communem consensum de bello Thurcae inferendo pertinere videret. De pace inter Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊suam maiestatemCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ et Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regem GalliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ ita habeat Dominatio Vestra deliberasse suam maiestatem, utrum provinciam Charles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌊Aurelio duci{s} filioCharles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌋ daret. Nam Flanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌊FlandriamFlanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌋ cum filia, an superinscribed in place of crossed-out cui⌈cui an an superinscribed in place of crossed-out cui⌉ vero Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌊Mediolanensem ducatumMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌋ cum nepte, data et relicta erat enim Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊suae maiestatiCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ in condicionibus deliberandi ea de re potestas ad quattuor mensium spatium diesque erat 18 Ianuarii, qua sua maiestas declaratura esset regi Gallorum animi sui sententiam, sed quia eo tempore in Gaudo fuit sua maiestas aegrota, miserat per celeres equos in Galliam ad regem virum ex Burgundia, dominum Andilotum, quo apud suam maiestatem, cum a domino Granvello discessere, nemo est, qui sit ex intimioribus suae maiestatis gratia maiore, itaque apud regem Galliae egit nescio quid, celabatur enim, multi tamen suspicabantur, ut excusasset suam maiestatem, quod aegrota et infirma diei, quae erat declarandi animi tempus, non potuit sua maiestas ex foedere satis adhuc deliberare die, oraturum tamen cum sana fuerit brevi manentque hic Bruszlae adhuc obsides illi a rege Galliae missi, facta illa in bello pace, quorum normam praescripsi AAWO, AB, D. 70, f. 208v antehac Dominationi Vestrae. Num autem datura esset sua maiestas Mediolanum potius cum nepte, an vero filiam cum Flandria, hominum erat diversa opinio et disputatio. Certum est caesareae maiestati ad extremum graves visas esse condiciones, pacem istam duris sibi condicionibus reique publicae Christianae causa se fecisse, bello ab hoste non ms. um(!) ⌈onon ms. um(!) ⌉ tam coacta ms. u(!) ⌈aa ms. u(!) ⌉m, ut tamen liberior sua maiestas ad defendendam rem publicam Christianam esset contra Turcorum impetus, ad pacem faciendam facile adductam et ut magis sibi regem Galliae devinceret, concessisse illi de suo iure multum. Nam aut Flandriam aut Mediolanum dandum, utrumque certe magnum et quod a maiestate sua magni fit. Miserat ad Hispanos proceres in Hispaniam eos, qui de pace, quibus condicionibus facta esset, publice significassent exquisivissentque consilium, utra illis condicio probaretur magis, si aliter fieri non possit, ut his condicionibus, quibus est in foedere praescriptum, et aliter fieri non possit, daret sua maiestas Mediolanensem ducatum cum nepte sua, serenissimi Romanorum regis filia, Flandriam ut omnino sua maiestas retineret, multis et iustis de causis. Exercuit haec deliberatio sacram maiestatem suam ita, ut non deessent, qui irrita illa omnia, quae de pace essent facta, fore putarent. Principes hic omnes dolebant utrumque, homines fremebant, quod imperator paene victor passus sit adduci ad eas condiciones, optabant paene omnes, ut irrita essent omnia. Flandriam autem nullo modo dandam existimatum ab imperatore et omnibus aliis, regionem quondam Galliae partem ditissimam fortissimamque, quae si in Gallorum esset potestate, si imperator moreretur, Gallis praeberet magnam ad reliquas caesaris hic in inferiori Germania regiones Brabantiam, Olandiam, Frisiam, Geldriam, et omnes alios comitatus et ducatus occupandos occasionem, cum mortuo caesare filius rex Hispaniarum remote abesset, rex Romanorum etc. distaret, etiam tam longe exhaustus et distractus tot antehac bellis, adesse itaque non facile et tueri vix possent. Haec moverant imperatorem ipsis incolis Flandriae clamitantibus se non parituros imperio Gallorum et defensuros sanguine, quominus in eam redigantur, qua reliqui apud suos reges essent Galli. Multae aliae moverant sacram maiestatem suam causae, quominus, cum non posset aliter, Flandriam cum filia non daret. De Mediolano etiam eadem fuit deliberatio valde dubia, nam Hispanos primum doluisse imperatori carum fuisse illum ducatum propter multas in Italiam opportunitates, quod Hispani milites ex Hispania in Germaniam, ex Germania per Mediolanum liberum transitum in Germaniam habuissent essetque suo sanguine recuperatum et defensum. Regem Franciae appetere natura principatum in Italia, Mediolanum vero, si haberet fili[o]s or fili[u]s paper damaged or fili[a]s paper damaged⌈filio paper damaged⌈[o]o paper damaged⌉sfili[o]s or fili[u]s paper damaged or fili[a]s paper damaged⌉, multum iri ad occupandam Italiam adiutum, cum ducem Ferariae habeat insuper affinitate devinctum et coniunctum, habeat in Italia Mirandulam et pontificem et obscure rebus tamen suis faventem, Venetos item sibi amicos. Esse autem tam divitem ducatum illum, ut si princeps eius tribus annis in otio viveret, tantam facere possit pecuniam ex reditibus immensis, ut quarto integro anno bellum gerere et sustinere possit. Ad haec, quod nullus praestantior et ditior esset ducatus illo.

AAWO, AB, D. 70, f. 209r

Haec atque aliae causae erant, quae Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊sacram maiestatemCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ suam movebant, ne, si res de indutiis apud Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcamSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ impetrandis serenissimo Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊Romanorum regiFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ successissent, sine dubio fuissent irrita omnia, quae inter illos de pace erant pacta et constituta. Nam puto Dominationi Vestrae notum esse tametsi hic clam habitum in hoc et celatum Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊regem RomanorumFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ misisse ad Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcamSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ oratorem, qui ad quadriennium indutias apud Turcam impetrasset, fuisseque Turcam, ut hoc concessisset regi Romanorum animo non alieno, sed Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regis GalliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ oratorem, qui etiam ibi nunc est, impedivisse et fecisse clam, ut Turca oratori serenissimi Romanorum regis iusserit dici, ne quid cum sua maiestate de indutiis amplius ageret Turcamque ipsum iam tamen iter in Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariamHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ parasse, ut celerius quam antehac eo exercitum traducat et vastet nostra, sua vero muniat. Haec certum esse sciat Dominatio Vestra, nam sunt huc nuper missa ad Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊imperatoremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ a John III of Portugal (John the Pious, João III Aviz) (*1502 – †1557), 1521-1557 King of Portugal; son of Manuel I, King of Portugal, and Maria of Aragon⌊rege PortugaliaeJohn III of Portugal (John the Pious, João III Aviz) (*1502 – †1557), 1521-1557 King of Portugal; son of Manuel I, King of Portugal, and Maria of Aragon⌋, cui legatus, quem tum apud Turcam habebat, hoc celeriter superinscribed⌈celeriterceleriter superinscribed⌉ perscriptum misit. Quodsi pax et indutiae serenissimo Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊Romanorum regiFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ a Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcaSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ fuerint concessae ad annos quattuor, in magnam partem omnia de pace cum Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊rege GalliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ venissent dubitationem, nam habuisse iustas causas Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊imperatoremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ multi dicebant. Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊RegeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ etiam dictante superbe se Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊imperatoriCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ amicitiae causa concessisse multa, nam inq ms. quae(!) ⌈inqinq ms. quae(!) ⌉uit(?), quod Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌊MediolanumMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌋ daturus est filio meo cum nepte sua, daturus est meum, de cuius iure recuperando tot sunt iusta a me gesta bella. Frater serenissimus Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊Romanorum rexFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ dotem daturus est filio nullam, se vero restituisse in gratiam Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊imperatorisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ totam Savoy (Sabaudia), duchy in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, state of the Holy Roman Empire, today partially in Italy, partially in France⌊SubaudiamSavoy (Sabaudia), duchy in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, state of the Holy Roman Empire, today partially in Italy, partially in France⌋, quae sua fuit. Item Piedmont (Piemonte), region in northwestern Italy⌊Pedemontanam regionemPiedmont (Piemonte), region in northwestern Italy⌋ maximam utramque tot et tantis in locis a se maximo sumptu suo munitam. Ea Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊imperatoriCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ concessisse, quae mea erant, concessisse etiam multa in Lucemburgo, in Flanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌊FlandriaFlanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌋, in Burgundian Netherlands (Bourgogne, Burgundia), duchy, the name of the former Duchy of Burgundy is used here to denote its historical northern part – known as the Burgundy Netherlands (today’s Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg), taken over by the Habsburgs in 1477, and in 1530-1556 ruled on behalf of Charles V by his sister, the dowager queen, Mary of Hungary⌊BurgundiaBurgundian Netherlands (Bourgogne, Burgundia), duchy, the name of the former Duchy of Burgundy is used here to denote its historical northern part – known as the Burgundy Netherlands (today’s Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg), taken over by the Habsburgs in 1477, and in 1530-1556 ruled on behalf of Charles V by his sister, the dowager queen, Mary of Hungary⌋ et alibi multa a se occupata et multo magis aedificata munitaque. Haec solitum Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regem GalliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ dicere et si magnopere dubitaret sua maiestas, num pacis condiciones servaret, viderit, quid dare meo filio debuerit, ego quid restituere habeam voluntatem. Fiebat tamen spes haec hic publice sacram Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊maiestatem caesareamCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ aliter non facturam esse, nunc autem accepto nuntio indutias Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcamSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ non dedisse, quin summis viribus in Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariamHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ contendere oppugnaturum Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennamVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋, vastaturum in Austria⌊AustriaAustria⌋ omnia, iam tandem certo futuram esse pacem cum Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊rege GalliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ et futura hac septimana cognovi Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊suam maiestatemCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ publice declaraturam, quibus condicionibus fecerit cum rege Galliae pacem, se servare et facturum satis de collocanda filio Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regisFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ Charles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌊Carolo ms. i(!) ⌈oo ms. i(!) ⌉ duci AureliensiCharles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌋, {cum} nepte sua cum ducatu Mediolanensi, his condicionibus, quibus in foederibus praescriptum sit, hoc est, quod sine dote accepturus sit AAWO, AB, D. 70, f. 209v eam uxorem dux Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌊MediolaniMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌋ futurus et legitimus. Castrum tamen et omnia fortalicia ac loca fortiora Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊maiestas caesareaCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ in Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌊ducatu MediolanensiMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌋ praesidio suo tenebit et in potestate sua habebit donec ex nepte dux Mediolanensis filium susceperit, qui annis quinque natus mitti debet in aulam imperatoris ibique erudiri et educari, ut assuefaciat moribus et fidei moris maiorum, arcem vero et loca munita tum primum sacra maiestas sua duci in potestatem traderet deductis his praesidiis, quibus tenebantur ab imperatore, quodsi nullos habitura esset uxor ducis liberos aut si filiam tantum pareret nullo masculo herede vivente, post mortem Charles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌊ducis AureliiCharles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌋ ius ad Philip II of Spain the Prudent (Philip II of Habsburg) (*1527 – †1598), King of Spain and Portugal, Naples and Sicily, and, 1554-1558 while married to Mary I Tudor, King of England and Ireland; son of Emperor Charles V of Habsburg⌊regem HispaniaePhilip II of Spain the Prudent (Philip II of Habsburg) (*1527 – †1598), King of Spain and Portugal, Naples and Sicily, and, 1554-1558 while married to Mary I Tudor, King of England and Ireland; son of Emperor Charles V of Habsburg⌋ filium Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊imperatorisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ et The Habsburgs, house of Austria ⌊domum AustriacamThe Habsburgs, house of Austria ⌋ Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), city in northern Italy⌊ducatus MediolanensisMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), city in northern Italy⌋ rediturum nepti ratione dotis certo auri pondere et pensione provisa. Additae etiam aliae condiciones. Hoc itaque rursum hac septimana dari debet de pace servanda confirmandaque Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regis GalliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ legatis et obsidibus, qui semper hic interim erant, Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊suam vero maiestatemCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋, cum Deo volente ex morbo adverso sese confirmarit, opportuno tempore curaturam adduci neptem et daturam Charles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌊duci AurelioCharles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌋ cum Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌊MediolanoMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌋ ceterisque rebus in omnibus pacis condiciones utrosque excocturos hac aestate esse hic et amicitiam confirmaturos constitut<u>rosque, ut communi consilio et ope in bellum Turcicum consentiant. Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊ImperatorCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ etiam interim hic manens Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy

Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊reges Galliae et AngliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy

Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋ in gratiam, si possit, reducat, quos vere inter se gerere bellum sciat Dominatio Vestra. Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊Rex AngliaeHenry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋ firmissimas habet in terra marique copias et innumerosas, Calais (Caletum), city in northern France, on the English Channel⌊CalesCalais (Caletum), city in northern France, on the English Channel⌋ civitatem et Boulogne-sur-Mer, city in northern France, 1544-1550 occupied by the English⌊BoloniamBoulogne-sur-Mer, city in northern France, 1544-1550 occupied by the English⌋ fortissime munivit non solum variis operis, sed militum multitudine, virtute et genere. Dicunt in Boulogne-sur-Mer, city in northern France, 1544-1550 occupied by the English⌊BoloniamBoulogne-sur-Mer, city in northern France, 1544-1550 occupied by the English⌋ imposita esse 20 milia hominum, commeatus maximam copiam importatam, quam Gallicus exercitus non oppugnat quidem vi, sed inedia civitatem capere student, circumagunt vallis, in mari vadoso civitatem et munitiones faciunt, ne The English (Angli) ⌊AngliThe English (Angli) ⌋ cum commeatu ad civitatem pervenire possint. Bene tum hic omnibus sperantibus non recepturum esse Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regem GalliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ tam facile Boulogne-sur-Mer, city in northern France, 1544-1550 occupied by the English⌊BoloniamBoulogne-sur-Mer, city in northern France, 1544-1550 occupied by the English⌋. Regem Galliae etiam habere ad quingenta milia hominum in mari et terra, certas etiam et non contemnendas copias. Ita hoc bellum acerrimis geritur animis superbo Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊regi AngliaeHenry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋, Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊GalliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ vero nunc etiam venationibus, choreis triumphante, sed aestas declarabit exitum belli. Interim sua Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊maiestas caesareaCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ hic manebit et spectabit, quo res inclinatura sit. Hoc animadvertitur Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊imperatoremCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ et alios horum nationum principes videre libenter, ut inter se certent, utrius res bellis tam magnis atterantur, ut mutuis bellis adducantur ad sumptus et animos alioquin superbos submittant. Quorum Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy

Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊uterqueFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy

Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋ his in Low Germany⌊inferiori GermaniaLow Germany⌋ sacrae Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊maiestatis suaeCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ dicionibus tam opulentis infestus habetur, ut nunc his a multis iudicatum vix non tuto AAWO, AB, D. 70, f. 210r suam maiestatem discessuram hinc fuisse Worms (Vormatia), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river⌊WormatiamWorms (Vormatia), city in western Germany, on the Rhine river⌋, dum hi reges tantos haberent conscriptos exercitus tam loco vicino, qui nacti hanc occasionem summamque opportunitatem discessu imperatoris in gratiam redeant et uterque aut alter uter Flanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌊FlandriamFlanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌋ et alias nationes has invaderent nullis hic ad resistendum paratis, absente imperatore, ducibus ac vel hanc iustam fuisse causam, cur sacra maiestas caesarea neque in Carinthia (Kärnten), duchy in the Holy Roman Empire ruled by the House of Habsburg, today in southern Austria⌊CorintiaCarinthia (Kärnten), duchy in the Holy Roman Empire ruled by the House of Habsburg, today in southern Austria⌋ neque in Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariaHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ contra Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcamSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋ se hinc quoque reciperet. Nam Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊rex AngliaeHenry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋ nuper multas naves venientium ex Spain (Hispania)⌊HispaniaSpain (Hispania)⌋ in France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊GalliamFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋ et Antwerp (Antwerpen, Antverpia), city in the Low Countries, from 1315 a Hanseatic port, in the 16th century the centre of Brabant’s artistic life and the wealthiest trade city in Europe, today in northern Belgium⌊AntuerpiamAntwerp (Antwerpen, Antverpia), city in the Low Countries, from 1315 a Hanseatic port, in the 16th century the centre of Brabant’s artistic life and the wealthiest trade city in Europe, today in northern Belgium⌋, ex Low Germany⌊inferiori item GermaniaLow Germany⌋ navigantes cum mercibus in Galliam retinuit contra amicitiam Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊imperatorisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋. Missi erant a Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊sua maiestateCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ legati de repetendis rebus, questa est sua maiestas modestius, num sint restitutae res, scire non potui, ita hunc Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊regemHenry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋ efferri superbia aiunt. Sed ad rem redeo. Datura itaque sacra Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊maiestas caesareaCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ neptem cum Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌊ducatu MediolanensiMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌋ Charles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌊duci AurelioCharles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌋ tametsi invita ms. in vita(!) ⌈invitainvita ms. in vita(!) ⌉ ex omnibus hic superinscribed⌈hichic superinscribed⌉ dolentibus tum pacta servanda esse et praesertim hoc tempore, quo sua maiestas officio et omni quasi voce ad tuendam communem salutem vocetur ad Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊fratrem regemFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ iuvandum iam paene ad extrema hostis viribus coactum, patriamque liberaret interitu iam in summum adductam discrimen. Maluit Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊sua maiestasCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ dare Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌊MediolanumMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌋ quam cum sua filia Flanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌊FlandriamFlanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌋ propter gravissimas, quas scripsi, et alias maximas causas, praesertim cum his condicionibus Flanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌊dux AureliusFlanders (Flandria), county in the Low Countries, part of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, today corresponding to the Belgian provinces of Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders, the region of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands and part of the Département du Nord in France⌋ futurus sit dux, si moritur absque prole, vel ille, vel uxor, reddit ius Mediolani pater eius Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊rex GalliaeFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋, si in Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliaItaly (Italia)⌋ rerum potiri vellet et bello petiturus esset, vix iam posset restituta Piedmont (Piemonte), region in northwestern Italy⌊Pedemontana regionePiedmont (Piemonte), region in northwestern Italy⌋, restituta Savoy (Sabaudia), duchy in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, state of the Holy Roman Empire, today partially in Italy, partially in France⌊SubaudiaSavoy (Sabaudia), duchy in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, state of the Holy Roman Empire, today partially in Italy, partially in France⌋ et aliis in Lorraine (Lothringen), duchy in the Holy Roman Empire and on the borderland of the Kingdom of France, today in northeastern France⌊ducatu LothiringiaeLorraine (Lothringen), duchy in the Holy Roman Empire and on the borderland of the Kingdom of France, today in northeastern France⌋ locis munitissimis magno sumptu suo, quo in Italiam pervenire tutius et bellum gerere potuisset. Iam vero his restitutis omnibus interclusus illi erit in Italiam aditus, habere etiam in Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliaItaly (Italia)⌋ Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesaream maiestatemCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ et opes magnas Naples (Napoli, Neapolis), city in Italy, on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, capital of the region of Campania⌊NeapolimNaples (Napoli, Neapolis), city in Italy, on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, capital of the region of Campania⌋, Genoa (Genova, Genua, Ianua), city and capital of the homonymous Republic in north-western Italy, Liguria, on the Gulf of Genoa, a seaport from 1528 ally and satellite of Spain⌊GenuamGenoa (Genova, Genua, Ianua), city and capital of the homonymous Republic in north-western Italy, Liguria, on the Gulf of Genoa, a seaport from 1528 ally and satellite of Spain⌋, amicos ducem Florentiae et Mantuae aliosque multos, ut si quid vellet moliri pater cum filio in Italia, aliquando haberet sacra maiestas sua amicos ducem Subaudiae et Pedemontanae imprimis, quorum fide et opera uti possit.

In Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariaHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋ geretur bellum sacrae Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊maiestatis suaeCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ etiam copiis, etiam si sua maiestas omnino etiam in summo periculo i<n>terea non esset, tamen antea miserat in Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennamVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ praesidium The Spaniards ⌊HispanorumThe Spaniards ⌋ tria milia duce domino de Alwero, quemadmodum scripsi Dominationi Vestrae. The Spaniards ⌊HispaniThe Spaniards ⌋ etsi erant fortissimi viri, isti sunt enim Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊suae maiestatisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ milites veterani, tamen fere praecipui contulerant se ex illis ad Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy

Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌊regesFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy

Henry VIII Tudor (*1491 – †1547), 1509-1547 King of England; son of Henry VII Tudor and Elizabeth of York⌋ alii Galliae, alii vero Angliae summa Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊caesarisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ indignatione. Nunc etiam sacra Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊maiestas suaCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ misit in Austria⌊AustriamAustria⌋ Hispanum virum re bellica praestantem et fortunatum, imprimis autem peritum geometrum don AAWO, AB, D. 70, f. 210v Lois Pere de Vargas, qui a 30 annis in re militari versatus et saepe inservivit Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊suae maiestatiCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ ingenio et arte. Homo hic inter The Spaniards ⌊HispanosThe Spaniards ⌋ magni nominis, qui etiam magister de campo erat in France (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌊GalliaFrance (Gallia, Francia), the kingdom⌋ exercitus Hispanici. Is dicitur mirus esse artifex inveniendorum locorum ad defensionem ex geometria videre, quid cuique loco desit, qua parte civitas ad defensionem infirmior sit, quid opus facto sit, quid quodque muniendum, ubi disponantur praesidia, quod militibus focus quisque eget, et in subito casu magno consilio esse et animo virum. Is iam est missus in Austria⌊AustriamAustria⌋, ut omnia videret Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennaeVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ in Wiener Neustadt (Nova Civitas Austriae), city in eastern Austria, ca. 50 km S of Vienna⌊Nova CivitateWiener Neustadt (Nova Civitas Austriae), city in eastern Austria, ca. 50 km S of Vienna⌋, si quid fortasse deesse videret, ut curaret provideri. Missura etiam sacra Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊maiestas suaCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ esse dominum vel Alfonso d' Avalos d' Aquino (*1502 – †1546), Marquis of Pescara and Vasto, Italian condottiere in the service of Emperor Charles V, 1525 participant in the Battle of Pavia, in 1544 defeated by the French at the Battle of Ceresole; 1538-1546 governor of the Duchy of Milan; from 1542 commander of the imperial army in Italy (KOHLER 2000, p. 272)⌊marchionem WasthiAlfonso d' Avalos d' Aquino (*1502 – †1546), Marquis of Pescara and Vasto, Italian condottiere in the service of Emperor Charles V, 1525 participant in the Battle of Pavia, in 1544 defeated by the French at the Battle of Ceresole; 1538-1546 governor of the Duchy of Milan; from 1542 commander of the imperial army in Italy (KOHLER 2000, p. 272)⌋ vel ducem Manthuae probably Ferrante Gonzaga (*1507 – †1557), Italian condottiere, son of Francesco II Gonzaga and Isabella d'Este; 1535-1546 Viceroy of Sicily, 1539-1557 Count of Guastalla, 1546-1555 Governor of the Duchy of Milan (https://viaf.org/viaf/42641117/.)⌊Ferdinandumprobably Ferrante Gonzaga (*1507 – †1557), Italian condottiere, son of Francesco II Gonzaga and Isabella d'Este; 1535-1546 Viceroy of Sicily, 1539-1557 Count of Guastalla, 1546-1555 Governor of the Duchy of Milan (https://viaf.org/viaf/42641117/.)⌋ pro rege Sicily, island in the Mediterranean Sea, Kingdom ruled by the Habsburgs⌊SiciliaeSicily, island in the Mediterranean Sea, Kingdom ruled by the Habsburgs⌋ alter utrum istorum, qui adesset serenissimo Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊Romanorum regiFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋ et esset belli dux, marchionem Wasthi futurum brevi hunc esse dicunt, daturam etiam superinscribed in place of crossed-out esse⌈esse etiam etiam superinscribed in place of crossed-out esse⌉ suam maiestatem vel pecuniam ad milites vel hic conducturam praesidium Ferdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌊fratri regiFerdinand I of Habsburg (*1503 – †1564), from 1521 Archduke of Austria, from 1526 King of Bohemia and Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia as Ferdinand I, 1531-1558 King of the Romans, 1558-1564 Holy Roman Emperor; son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile, a younger brother of Charles V of Habsburg⌋, ex Italy (Italia)⌊ItaliaItaly (Italia)⌋ praesidia deductorum The Spaniards ⌊HispanorumThe Spaniards ⌋ et The Italians ⌊ItalorumThe Italians ⌋ missuramque in Hungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌊HungariamHungary (Kingdom of Hungary)⌋, qui illic sunt suae maiestatis milites veterani; apud imperii principes imperaturum serenissimum Romanorum regem praesidium aliquod agente domino Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌊GranvellaNicolas Perrenot de Granvelle (*1484 – †1550), doctor of both canon and civil law, one of the most trusted advisors of Emperor Charles V, in 1519 entered the service of Charles V, in 1521 took part in the Habsburg-French negotiations in Calais, in 1529 in peace negotiations with the Roman Curia and the Italian states, and later, in 1538, in the conference of Nice between Charles V and Francis I; prominent official and advisor of Charles V and of Margaret of Austria in the administration of the County of Burgundy and of the Habsburg Netherlands, collaborator of Chancellor Gattinara, 1530 secretary of State for German and Netherlandish affairs and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples (he replaced Gattinara after his death in the position of Grand Chancellor, although not using the title); imperial envoy to France (several times up to 1528) (CE, vol. 3, p. 68-70; DURME 1964; ANTONY 2006)⌋ nomine imperatoris apud illos, serenissimum Romanorum etiam regem habiturum ex suis regnis et dicionibus non contemnendas copias, ut spes sit non tam hostem grassaturum quam minetur fama, Vienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌊ViennamVienna (Wien, Vienna), city in eastern Austria, on the Danube river⌋ et Wiener Neustadt (Nova Civitas Austriae), city in eastern Austria, ca. 50 km S of Vienna⌊Novam CivitatemWiener Neustadt (Nova Civitas Austriae), city in eastern Austria, ca. 50 km S of Vienna⌋ Deo adiuvante ita provisas, ut sustineri expugnationem The Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌊TurcarumThe Ottoman Turks (Turcae) ⌋ et servari queant. Haec ratio inita est, hoc anno belli contra Suleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌊TurcamSuleiman the Magnificent (*1494 – †1566), 1520-1566 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire⌋, de qua dominationem Vestram faciendam certiorem esse putavi.

Erat etiam haec causa, cur neptem cum Milan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌊MediolanoMilan (Mediolanum, Milano), duchy in northern Italy⌋ Francis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌊regisFrancis I of Valois (*1494 – †1547), 1515-1547 King of France; son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy⌋ Charles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌊filioCharles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌋ si daret Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊sua maiestasCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋, facilius hoc ferret. Mediolanum enim etsi haberet, maximos proventus annuos, tamen non magnam ex eo capere solitam maiestatem suam utilitatem. Aluisse enim ibi Alfonso d' Avalos d' Aquino (*1502 – †1546), Marquis of Pescara and Vasto, Italian condottiere in the service of Emperor Charles V, 1525 participant in the Battle of Pavia, in 1544 defeated by the French at the Battle of Ceresole; 1538-1546 governor of the Duchy of Milan; from 1542 commander of the imperial army in Italy (KOHLER 2000, p. 272)⌊marchionem VasthiAlfonso d' Avalos d' Aquino (*1502 – †1546), Marquis of Pescara and Vasto, Italian condottiere in the service of Emperor Charles V, 1525 participant in the Battle of Pavia, in 1544 defeated by the French at the Battle of Ceresole; 1538-1546 governor of the Duchy of Milan; from 1542 commander of the imperial army in Italy (KOHLER 2000, p. 272)⌋ sumptu summo in milites maximam proventuum contulisse partem singulis annis soluta 30 milia ducatorum Christina of Denmark (Christina von Oldenburg) (*1521 – †1590), daughter of Christian II of Denmark and Isabella of Austria, niece of Emperor Charles V, wife of Francesco II Sforza (1534-1535) and François I de Lorraine (1541-1545)⌊ducissae LohiringiaeChristina of Denmark (Christina von Oldenburg) (*1521 – †1590), daughter of Christian II of Denmark and Isabella of Austria, niece of Emperor Charles V, wife of Francesco II Sforza (1534-1535) and François I de Lorraine (1541-1545)⌋ ratione dotis in ducatu Mediolanensi obligatae a Francesco II Sforza (*1495 – †1535), 1521-1535 the last Duke of Milan from the Sforza family; son of Ludovico Sforza and Beatrice d'Este⌊duce MediolanensiFrancesco II Sforza (*1495 – †1535), 1521-1535 the last Duke of Milan from the Sforza family; son of Ludovico Sforza and Beatrice d'Este⌋ mortuo, qui eam uxorem habuit neptem Charles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌊imperatorisCharles V of Habsburg (*1500 – †1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily, King of the Romans (1519-1530), Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation (elected 1519, crowned 1530, abdicated 1556); son of Philip I the Handsome and Joanna the Mad of Castile⌋ ex Isabella of Austria (Isabella of Habsburg, Elisabeth of Denmark) (*1501 – †1526), 1515-1523 Queen consort of Denmark and Queen consort of Norway as the wife of Christian II, daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile; sister of Charles V⌊sorore reginaIsabella of Austria (Isabella of Habsburg, Elisabeth of Denmark) (*1501 – †1526), 1515-1523 Queen consort of Denmark and Queen consort of Norway as the wife of Christian II, daughter of Philip I of Habsburg and Joanna of Castile; sister of Charles V⌋ et filiam Christian II of Oldenburg (Christian II of Denmark) (*1481 – †1559), 1513-1523 King of Denmark and Norway, 1520-1521 King of Sweden; son of John of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway, and Christina of Saxony⌊regis DaniaeChristian II of Oldenburg (Christian II of Denmark) (*1481 – †1559), 1513-1523 King of Denmark and Norway, 1520-1521 King of Sweden; son of John of Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Norway, and Christina of Saxony⌋ exacti, ad quam quidem 30 milium florenorum solutionem singulis annis obligatum esse etiam Charles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌊ducem Aureli{g}en(sem)Charles II of Valois (*1522 – †1545), third son of Francis I, King of France, and Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany; from 1536 Duke of Orléans⌋, at maiestas sua non multum ceperit ex illo ducatu commodum et propter obligationem istam et alendis tot militibus Alfonso d' Avalos d' Aquino (*1502 – †1546), Marquis of Pescara and Vasto, Italian condottiere in the service of Emperor Charles V, 1525 participant in the Battle of Pavia, in 1544 defeated by the French at the Battle of Ceresole; 1538-1546 governor of the Duchy of Milan; from 1542 commander of the imperial army in Italy (KOHLER 2000, p. 272)⌊marchione de VasthiAlfonso d' Avalos d' Aquino (*1502 – †1546), Marquis of Pescara and Vasto, Italian condottiere in the service of Emperor Charles V, 1525 participant in the Battle of Pavia, in 1544 defeated by the French at the Battle of Ceresole; 1538-1546 governor of the Duchy of Milan; from 1542 commander of the imperial army in Italy (KOHLER 2000, p. 272)⌋ vivente illic sumptu maiestatis suae tanto saepeque perpetuis in Pedemontanis bellis de suo magnam videlicet <summam> pecuniae eo mittere coactam, propter quam causam opes suae maiestatis non valde nummmatas fore Mediolani ducatu cum nepte sine dotis solutione dato his praesertim condicionibus.